洞庭湖区水稻种植业家庭农场全要素生产率实证研究

邓正华 戴丽琦 陈灿煌 彭平锋

摘 要：根据2009—2018年湖南省粮油作物生产经营监测信息网上直报系统的监测数据，建立SFA-Malmquist生产率指数模型，估算洞庭湖水稻种植业家庭农场全要素生产率变化指数的时序增长、空间分布及其成因。结果表明：2009—2018年洞庭湖水稻种植业家庭农场平均全要素生产率增长率为5.3%，呈现“平缓—快速增长—下降—快速增长—下降”的阶段性波动特征;空间上南洞庭湖区偏高，而东西洞庭湖区较低;水稻种植业家庭农场全程机械化和规模经营是导致两阶段全要素生产率快速上涨的主要因素;提高家庭农场要素配置效率将是未来洞庭湖区水稻种植业家庭农场全要素生产率增长动力。为此，建议内外联动，建立洞庭湖区粮食生产的适度规模经营及其配套制度。

关键词：洞庭湖区;水稻种植业;家庭农场;全要素生产率

中图分类号：F326.11文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-060X（2020）10-0103-06

Abstract： Based on the monitoring data collected from “Direct reporting system for monitoring information of grain and oil crops production and operation” in Hunan Province dated from 2009 to 2018， the SFA-Malmquist productivity index model was used to estimate the sequential variation， spatial distribution and contributing factors of the variation index of total factor productivity （TFP） of rice-planting family farms in the Dongting Lake zone. The results showed that the growth rate of the average TFP of rice-planting family farms was 5.3% in 2009-2018， presenting periodic fluctuations in a gently developing-rapidly rising-descending-rapidly rising-descending trend. The spatial difference of TFP in the Dongting Lake zone was insignificant， and the TFP in the south Dongting Lake zone was slightly higher than in the east and west Dongting Lake zones. In conclusion， mechanization cultivation and large-scale operations in rice production led to the two-phase growth of TFP of the Dongting Lake zone. The improvement of allocation efficiency of agricultural production factors will be the most promising driving force of the growth of TFP of rice-planting family farms in the future. Therefore， it is suggested that internal and external linkage should be made to establish a moderate scale-operation and supporting system for rice production in the Dongting Lake zone.

Key words： the Dongting Lake zone; rice planting industry; family farms; total factor productivity

近年來，中央1号文件提出发展农业适度规模经营，大力培育家庭农场和种植大户等新型农业经营主体，鼓励其成为农业现代化建设的骨干力量。洞庭湖区是我国九大商品粮基地之一，2018年末环洞庭湖区岳阳、常德、益阳3市的水稻种植业家庭农场总数达1 800个以上，比上年同期增长28%，占湖南省家庭农场总数的17%。家庭农场在稳定洞庭湖区粮食生产、保障粮食质量、提高稻农收入、提供农业生产社会化服务等方面发挥了重要作用。全要素生产率作为衡量农业投入产出效率的重要指标，洞庭湖区水稻种植业家庭农场具有明显的规模经营特征，规模经营及配套制度对提升水稻种植业全要素生产率有何影响和作用？……