


摘 要:基于心电信号(Electrocardiosignal,ECG)的生物特征身份识别技术是一种活体的身份识别,防伪性高。ECG身份识别技术分为两大类:一种是非基准点的ECG身份识别方法,波形分析信息量和存储量大;另一种是基于特征的ECG身份识别方法,其识别率和系统稳定性主要依赖各基准点的定位精确度,而定位精确度又会受到个体差异、ECG采集过程中产生的噪声等许多因素影响。此外,选取哪些特征作为身份识别的关键特征、如何选取更有效的训练学习算法和分类识别算法也是ECG身份识别的重点研究领域。
关键词:生物特征;身份识别;心电信号
中图分类号:TN911.7文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2021)22-0013-03
Abstract: Biometric identification technology based on electrocardiogram (ECG) is a kind of living identity recognition, which has high anti-counterfeiting. ECG identification technology can be divided into two categories: one is based on non reference point, in this method, the amount of waveform analysis information and storage is large; the other is based on feature point extraction, the recognition rate and system stability of this method mainly depend on the positioning accuracy of each reference point, and the positioning accuracy will be affected by many factors such as individual differences and noise generated in the process of ECG acquisition. At the same time, which feature points should be selected as the key points of identity recognition, how to select more effective training and learning algorithms and classification recognition algorithms are also a key research field of ECG identity recognition in the future.
Keywords: biometrics;identification;electrocardiosignal
目前,可用于身份识别的生物特征一般同时满足4项条件[1]。一是普遍性,即每个人都具备该特征;二是特异性,属于每个人的生物特征均依据个体不同而有所差别;三是稳定性,该特征必须至少在相当长的一段时期内保持不变;四是可测量性,该特征必须便于采集且可量化。
1 生物特征身份识别技术概述
生物特征身份识别技术(Biometric Identification Technology,BIT)利用人体固有的生理特征(如指纹、人脸)或行为特征(如笔迹、步态)进行身份识别。现阶段已商业化的静态生物特征身份识别技术(如指纹、虹膜、人脸等)较为突出的是安全问题,有不法分子借助仿冒的生物特征入侵认证系统,破坏系统安全性。因此,探究更加完备的生物特征来完善身份识别功能已成为生物特征身份识别技术领域的热点问题[2]。
2 ECG身份识别技术
随着生物特征研究的不断深入,借助人体内蕴的动态生物电、声信号进行身份识别的技术飞速发展,基于心电信号(Electrocardiosignal,ECG)的生物特征身份识别技术逐步兴起[3-4]。……