纺织品非水介质染色技术的研究进展

陈静如 裴刘军 张红娟 王际平 吴金丹

摘要： 随着经济发展与生态环保之间矛盾的日益突出，纺织化学工业的发展对人类生活环境造成了严重的影响。近年来，整个行业以节水、节能、生态环保的生产理念对纺织化学清洁生产加工技术方面进行了大量研究和开发，并取得了一定的成就。文章对现有非水或无水染色技术进行总结和分析，介绍了几种研究较多的非水介质染色技术，包括有机溶剂染色、液体石蜡染色和硅基非水介质染色。对比了这些染色方法的应用和局限性，并着重介绍了硅基非水染色技术和该技术的发展现状，以活性染料染棉为例，活性染料在该体系中上染率接近100%，固色率高达90%以上，相较于传统水浴染色提高了30%～40%，硅基非水介质染色从源头上解决了棉纤维染色污水排放量大、染料浪费严重的难题，为实现染色污水零排放奠定了基础，有望为纺织品染色闯出一条清洁生产和可持续发展之路，改变传统染色工业水环境污染严重的形象。

关键词： 活性染料;分散染料;溶剂染色;硅基非水介质;液体石蜡;反胶束染色

中图分类号： TS193.5

文献标志码： A

文章编号： 1001-7003（2021）12-0054-09

引用页码： 121110

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.12.010（篇序）

Abstract： With the increasingly prominent contradiction between economic development and ecological environmental protection， the development of the textile chemical industry has exerted serious impact on human life environment. In recent years， through a large number of studies and development of textile chemistry cleaning production and processing technology based on the concepts of water saving， energy saving， and ecological environmental protection， the whole industry has yielded some achievements. This article summarized and analyzed the existing non-aqueous or anhydrous dyeing technologies， and introduced several frequently researched non-aqueous medium dyeing technologies， including organic solvent dyeing， liquid paraffin dyeing and silicone non-aqueous dyeing. Then， the article compared the application and limitations of these dyeing methods， and specifically introduced the development state of silicone non-aqueous dyeing technology. Taking reactive dyed cotton as an example， it is found that the dye uptake rate of reactive dyes in the system is close to 100 %， a fixation rate of up to 90%， an increase of 30%-40% compared to the traditional water bath dyeing method. The silicone medium dyeing method has solved the problem of large sewage discharge from cotton fiber dyeing and serious dye waste from the source， laying the foundation to realize zero sewage discharge. It is expected to open up a path of cleaner production and sustainable development for textile dyeing and change the image of serious water pollution in the traditional dyeing industry.

Key words： reative dyes; disperse dyes; solvent dyeing; silicone non-aqueous dyeing; liquid paraffin; reverse micelle dyeing

纺织化学工业领域，水资源的巨大消耗和废水、废气的排放已成为制约行业可持续发展的重要难题。前处理、染色和后整理是纺织化学工程中耗水量和污水、废气排量巨大的主要加工过程，特别是染色前处理和后道水洗中大量的污水排到环境，对生态环境造成严重的影响[1-2]。……