付检新
摘要1+X证书制度是我国针对职业教育长期积累的问题而做出的制度创新,旨在促进产教融合,推动职业院校遵循职业教育内在要求和规律办学,深化校企合作,改革人才培养与培训模式,提高人才培养质量。职业院校作为实施1+X证书制度的主体,应根据就业市场需求,结合职业技能等级证书,从重构专业人才培养方案、重构专业课程体系、改革教学方式方法以及完善人才培养评价方式等方面改革人才培养模式,以解决职业教育人才供需错位问题,缓解结构性就业矛盾。
关键词 职业教育 1+X证书制度 书证融通
中图分类号:G712文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.23.005
Research on the Reform of Talent Cultivation Mode in Vocational Colleges under the 1+X Certificate System
FU Jianxin
(Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan 410004)
Abstract1+X CertificateSystemis asysteminnovation whichhasbeen formulatedtoaddress accumulated problems in vocational education in our country. It aims to facilitate integration of vocational education with industry, to push vocational colleges to run themselves by following intrinsic requirements and laws of vocational education, to deepen cooperation between colleges and enterprises,and to reform modesoftalent cultivatingandtraining inordertoimprove the quality of talents. As the main organization of implementing 1+X Certificate System, vocational colleges should reform talent cultivation mode, based on employment market demand and combing X certificates, from the following aspects: reconstructing talent cultivation program, reconstructing curriculum system, reforming teaching methods and improving evaluation methods of talent cultivation, in order to solve the problem of mismatch between talent supply and demand and to relieve structural employment contradiction.
Keywordsvocational education; 1+X Certificate System; integration of diploma and certificate
1问题的提出
职业教育肩负着培养高素质劳动者和技术技能人才的重任,为社会经济发展提供优质人力资源支撑。经过近20年内涵式建设,我国职业教育虽然取得了长足进步,但是职业院校培养的专业人才难以满足经济社会和产业发展需求的问题仍然根深蒂固,突出表现在人才供给与社会需求存在一定的脱节,如传统专业人才供给过剩,而新兴专业人才培养不足,以及职业院校所培养的毕业生在素质、知识及能力等方面不能满足相关行业或企业对专业人才日益增长的一专多长的要求等。[1]
进入新时代,我国经济结构在不断调整优化,产业转型升级步伐不断加快,各行各业对专业人才的要求也日益提高,迫切需要与之相适应的复合型技术技能人才。在此形势下,我国职业教育与产业经济有效衔接不够、人才供需结构性失衡、行业企业参与职业教育积极性不高、人才培养质量难以适应新业态新技术要求等诸多现实问题愈来愈突出,推进职业教育人才培养供给侧改革日益迫切。……