何春香
摘要“构式”理论自20世纪80年代开始被国内学者纷纷关注,它从新的视角阐释汉语实际用例,为语言教学开辟了新的思路。但由于存在认知分歧,出现了许多见仁见智的观点。现有的学术研究多集中于对其价值、局限性、理论扩展的关注,以及运用构式理论进行具体语言分析。本文主要集中于构式思想及在语法教学中的实践探索,分析新起语法理论在学科教学中的具体运用,解决实践中理论与教学实际脱节的困惑。
关键词 构式 形-义配对 语法教学
中图分类号:G424文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.23.040
Practical Thinking of Construction in Grammar Teaching
HE Chunxiang
(Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000; Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130000)
AbstractThe theory of "construction" has been concerned by domestic scholars since the 1980s. It interprets Chinese practical use cases from a new perspective and opens up a new way of thinking for language teaching. But because of the cognitive divide, there are many different opinions. Existing academic research focuses on its value, limitations, theoretical expansion, and the use of construction theory for specific language analysis. This paper mainly focuses on the construction thought and the practical exploration in grammar teaching, analyzes the concrete application of the new grammar theory in subject teaching, and solves the confusion of the disconnection between theory and teaching practice in practice.
Keywordsconstruction; form-meaning pairing; grammar teaching
在现代汉语中可以看到这样的表达:
A.有了上一次的交道,兩位老太太在广场一见面就有说有笑地聊起天儿来。
B.几十个人挤在一块儿田地里,有说有笑。
C.有了车坐以后,游客们全都心平气和、有说有笑。
据向平(2000)分析,上述“有说有笑”表义有区别,A句指“既有说,也有笑”,“说、笑”两个动作互相伴随;B句、C句的“有说有笑”具有多义性,既可指“既有说,也有笑”,也可指“有的在说,有的在笑,有的又说又笑”。三个句子中,A、B中的“有说有笑”可以被“又说又笑、边说边笑”替换,但却不宜被替换为“连说带笑”。而且,句子替换前后语义不同,究其原因,这与“说、笑”两词的意义关系不大,而与它们进入的格式不同有关。对进入这种格式的X、Y有什么要求?他们的区别是什么?他们是否具有相同的原型格式……带着这样的思考,我们来探讨构式理论。
1“构式”理解
“构式”,不同学者、不同时期,命名不同,且内涵外延不尽相同,如:格式、待嵌格式、框式结构、构式等。