GIS断路器用双头螺栓失效分析

2021-01-05 23:11:30史润军王晓生孟露
河南科技 2021年30期

史润军 王晓生 孟露

摘 要:某单位在GIS新结构开发阶段,工厂内进行样机方案验证时,装配人员在进行GCB断路器操作杆装配中,使用25 N·m力矩紧固双头螺杆与导向杆时,双头螺杆的螺纹根部位置整体发生断裂,导向头内的断裂螺纹杆无法取出。为此作者采用化学成分分析、硬度检测、金相检验、宏观断口分析及扫描电镜分析等方法分析断裂原因。结果表明:该双头螺栓表面存在机械损伤,受到过载的反复扭转弯曲应力后,加上采用的原材料20#钢强度不高,故发生塑性断裂。

关键词:双头螺栓;机械损失;韧性断裂

中图分类号:TG115.28     文献标识码:A       文章编号:1003-5168(2021)30-0028-03

Abstract: In the development stage of GIS new structure, when the prototype scheme was verified in the factory, the assembly personnel fastened the double head screw and the guide rod with 25 N·M torque. The overall thread root position of the double head screw was broken, and the broken thread rod in the guide head could not be taken out. Therefore, the author analyzed the causes of fracture by means of chemical composition analysis, hardness test, metallographic examination, macro fracture analysis and scanning electron microscope analysis. The results show that there is mechanical damage on the surface of the stud bolt. After being subjected to the repeated torsional bending stress of overload, the plastic fracture finally occurs because the raw material is 20# steel and its strength is not high.

Keywords: stud bolt;mechanical loss;ductile fracture;failure analysis

某單位装配人员使用25 N·m力矩紧固双头螺杆与导向杆进行GCB断路器操作杆装配,双头螺杆的螺纹根部位置整体发生断裂。该双头螺栓材料为20#钢,属于优质低碳碳素钢,强度比15#钢稍高,很少淬火,无回火脆性,塑性、焊接性能良好,切削加工性冷拔或正火状态较退火状态好,一般用于制造受力不大,而要求韧性高的各种机械零件[1]。双头螺栓的加工工艺:下料→车削→车螺纹→表面处理(磷化),规格为M10X530 mm。本文对断裂双头螺杆进行理化检验和失效分析,以找出失效原因。

1 理化检验

1.1 化学成分分析

对断裂双头螺杆取样进行化学成分分析,结果见表1,可见各元素含量均符合GB/T 699—2015《优质碳素结构钢》对20#钢成分的技术要求。

1.2 硬度检测

在失效双头螺栓的断口附近取硬度测试试块,按照GB 231—1984《金属布氏硬度试验方法》要求用TH600布氏硬度计进行硬度测试,结果见表2。……

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