王鹤亭
Editor:New elements such as peaceful development across the Taiwan straits,convergence development and Taiwanrelated public policy have been emerged from the knowledge system and discourse system,that developed based on the commonly acknowledged discourse like One China Principle and national unification.The emergence of new elements ground in the internal and external ecological changes of Taiwan question,which reflects a deeper state of development in the Taiwan question.Taking perspectives of national governance system and modernisation of governance capacity into the Taiwan question enables us to get a broader and updated view to observe and think about the complete unification cross the Taiwan straits.The introduction of governance facilitates to distinguish large amount of civil and social forces,despite the traditional actor of public power.There exist various parallel relations across sectors and vertical intergovernmental relations even in the public power.Vague categorisation into‘the public power’ could not sufficiently reveal the relative autonomy across governmental departments.Creativity of civil and social organisation has been shaping the ecology system of cross straits relations.
对台治理一方面受到两岸关系格局变化的影响,另一方面也深受美国这一外部性因素的影响。近年来,美国加大对华遏制力度,持续打“台湾牌”,实质提升与台湾地区关系。台湾当局采取“台独边缘政策”,导致台海局势更加复杂严峻,大陆方面一个中国原则、美方一个中国政策、台湾方面“一个中国宪制”之间的模糊空间难以维持。海内外学界和政界围绕未来台海局势、对台政策、美国行为等问题有很多争论,如英国《经济学人》形容台湾是“地球上最危险地区”;美国学者在《外交事务》刊文主张美国应“弃台”以避免中美开战;①Charles L.Glaser,“Washington is Avoiding the Tough Questions on Taiwan and China”,Foreign Affairs,April 28,2021.美国印太司令部司令菲利普·戴维森“预测”大陆可能在未来10年甚至6年内对台湾采取军事行动,主张美国应评估对台政策的“战略模糊”等。②《美印太司令称大陆或在 6年内武统台湾 外交部回应》,参考消息网,2021年3月12日,http://www.cankaoxiaoxi.com/tw/20210312/2437200.shtml,最后访问时间:2021年12月10日。关于中国大陆对台政策走向的争论中最引人注意的是“武力统一论”③Oriana Skylar Mastro,“The Taiwan Temptation—Why Beijing Resort to Force”,Foreign Affairs,July/August 2021.和“无力统一论”④Rachel Esplin Odell and Eric Heginbotham,“Don't Fall for the Invasion Panic”,Foreign Affairs,September/October 2021.。中国政府积极因应内外部环境变化,对台政策与时俱进,稳步推进对台治理,最大限度地渐进落实一个中国原则、坚决打击“台独”分离主义、强力反制外部势力干涉。
美国一直是中国解决台湾问题的最大外部影响因素。长期以来,美国对于自己维持台海和平、力量“平衡”及“战略模糊”的信心充足、评价正面,如坎贝尔和苏利文曾在2019年刊文提出,“台湾不仅是一个潜在的引爆点,也是中美关系史上的最大成功”。……