叶尖定时及叶尖间隙测量技术研究综述

张亮 王启迪 李欣 王苑

摘 要：渦轮叶片在高速旋转时会因振动产生疲劳断裂失效，造成旋转机械的损坏。叶尖定时测量技术是目前最有前途的非接触式叶片振动实时监测方法，叶尖间隙变化与叶片的振动状态密切相关。因此，实时监测叶片的振动状态和叶尖间隙是保证旋转机械安全、稳定、可靠运行的关键。系统综述了叶尖定时及叶尖间隙测量技术的原理和国内外研究成果，认为目前研究仍处于仿真模拟和实验测量的不完全成熟阶段，今后可在以下方面展开研究：1）将叶尖定时和叶尖间隙测量技术相结合，实现叶片的振动测量;2）进行无键相法的叶片异步振动测量，并投入到工程应用中;3）制定有效的动态标定方案，测量叶片在旋转状态时输出电压与叶尖间隙之间的关系;4）研制能够在恶劣环境下进行高精度、长周期测量的传感器。

关键词：机械动力学与振动;叶尖定时;叶片振动;叶尖间隙;实时监测

中图分类号：O329   文献标识码：A

doi：10.7535/hbkd.2021yx05001

收稿日期：2021-05-13;修回日期：2021-08-20;责任编辑：冯 民

基金项目：国家自然科学基金（51505206）;辽宁省自然科学基金（2019-ZD-0694）

第一作者简介：张 亮（1983—），男，辽宁葫芦岛人，副教授，博士，主要从事失谐叶盘结构减振方面的研究。

E-mail：zhangliang545238@163.com

Review of research on tip-timing and tip clearance measurement technology

ZHANG Liang，WANG Qidi，LI Xin，WANG Yuan

（Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation，Liaoning University of Technology，Jinzhou，Liaoning 121001，China）

Abstract：Turbine blades will fail due to fatigue fracture caused by vibration at high-speed rotation，resulting in damage of rotating machinery.Blade tip-timing measurement technology is the most promising non-contact blade vibration real-time monitoring method at present，and the change of the blade tip clearance is closely related to the vibration state of the blade.Therefore，real-time monitoring of blade vibration state and blade tip clearance is the key to ensure the safe，stable，and reliable operation of rotating machinery.The principles and research results of blade tip-timing and blade tip clearance measurement technology in domestic and international were summarized.It was clarified that the current research is still in the incomplete maturity stage of simulation and experimental measurement，and the research prospects of blade tip-timing and blade tip clearance measurement technology were provided.It was pointed out that future research can be carried out in the following aspects： 1） combining blade tip-timing and tip clearance measurement technology to achieve blade vibration measurement;2） conducting asynchronous blade vibration measurement without the once per revolution （OPR） sensor method and putting it into engineering application;3） developing an effective dynamic calibration scheme to measure the relationship between the output voltage and the blade tip clearance when the blade is rotating;4） developing the sensors capable of high-precision and long-period measurements in harsh environments.

Keywords：

mechanical dynamics and vibration;blade tip-timing;blade vibration;blade tip clearance;real-time monitoring

涡轮叶片作为航空发动机的核心部件，高速旋转时除了受到自身转子不平衡的离心力外，还会与空气流产生相互作用，形成不平均、不稳定的气流力，使叶片发生振动，随着转速的提高，叶片还可能受到多种复杂的作用力，加剧叶片振动，严重时产生疲劳裂纹甚至断裂。……