基于流固热耦合的中心回转流道液冷板散热性能研究

余剑武 胡仕港 范光辉 包有玉 陈亚玲

摘   要：為研究不同流道结构设计对液冷板散热性能、均温性能以及能耗的影响，采用计算流体动力学流固热耦合数值计算方法分析了液冷板结构参数对电动汽车某液冷单元散热性能的影响. 结果表明：中心流道宽度由6 mm增加至31 mm，导热垫表面最大温差降低19.4%，流阻增加14.6%，当采用流道宽度从中间到两侧递减的设计方式，可以改善其散热均温性能且能耗在可接受范围内. 流道深度由5 mm减小至2 mm，表面最大温差降低36.7%，流阻增大了3.3倍，减小流道深度能显著改善散热均温性能，同时会显著增加能耗. 添加强化传热结构和在某些工况下改变进出水口位置能改善散热均温性能，同时也会增大流阻和能耗. 研究结果可为液冷板的结构设计提供参考，从而改善电池模组的散热性能.

关键词：电池管理系统;液冷板;散热;均温性能;流道

中图分类号：U469.72                                  文献标志码：A

Study on Heat Dissipation Performance of Liquid-cooling Plate with Center

Revolving Flow Channel Based on Fluid-solid-heat Coupled Simulation

YU Jianwu1，HU Shigang1†，FAN Guanghui2，BAO Youyu1，CHEN Yaling1

（1. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering，Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China;

2. Shenzhen International Graduate School，Tsinghua University，Shenzhen 518055，China）

Abstract：In order to explore the influence of different flow channel designs on the heat dissipation performance， temperature uniformity and energy consumption of liquid-cooling plates， the Computational Fluid Dynamics（CFD） fluid-solid-heat coupled numerical simulation method is used for investigating the influences of their structural design parameters on the heat dissipation performance of a liquid cooling unit of electric vehicles. The results show that  when the width of the central flow channel is increased from 6 mm to 31 mm， the maximum temperature difference on the surface of the thermal conductivty pad is reduced by 19.4%， and the flow resistance is increased by 14.6%，when the width of flow channels is reduced from the middle to both sides， the heat dissipation performance and temperature uniformity can be further improved， and the energy consumption can be controlled within an acceptable range. When the depth of flow channel is decreased from 5 mm to 2 mm， the maximum temperature difference is reduced by 36.7%， but the flow resistance is increased by 3.3 times， reducing the depth of the flow channel can significantly improve the heat dissipation performance and increase the  energy consumption. Liquid-cooling plates with enhanced heat transfer structure channel or exchange of inlet and outlet in some cases can improve the heat dissipation and temperature uniformity， and also increase the flow resistance and energy consumption. It is concluded that the structure design of liquid-cooling plates can be supported by this research in order to improve the heat dissipation performance of battery module.

Key words：battery management systems; liquid-cooling plate; heat dissipation; temperature uniformity; flow channels

锂离子电池以其能量密度、功率密度、使用寿命等方面的优势[1]，成为目前车用动力源的研究热点. 动力电池在充放电过程中会产生一部分热量，如果这部分热量不能很好的控制，就会对汽车的安全性形成严重威胁[2-3].

为解决高温问题，从综合冷却角度出发，Song等人[4]提出一种使用相变材料和液体冷却技术的新型共轭冷却配置，研究表明，与单一相变材料（Phase Change Material，PCM）或液体冷却条件相比，共轭冷却显著降低了电池温度上升速率和稳态温度. 施尚等人[5]设计了一种新型……