摆动缸式油气悬挂系统动态特性参数敏感性分析

陈盛钊 戴巨川 张舟钧禹 凌启辉 陈哲吾

摘   要：為研究摆动缸式油气悬挂自身参数变化对履带车辆中“负重轮-悬挂-簧载质量”系统的影响，在典型工况下，对该系统的动态响应特征展开参数敏感性分析. 结合油气悬挂的结构特征建立机械-液压耦合的动力学模型，并应用试验台架测试结果评价该模型的有效性. 选取摆动缸式油气悬挂的关键参数，分析其刚度与阻尼特性随关键参数的变化趋势，并在脉冲激励工况下分析上述参数变化对油气悬挂系统动态响应行为的影响. 结果表明：油气悬挂刚度在悬挂变形量不大时受蓄能器内气体初始体积的影响较大，在悬挂压缩变形较大时受油气悬挂定位角的影响较大;簧载质量垂向加速度与负重轮动载荷在低频时受蓄能器初始气体体积影响最大，在高频时受阻尼阀孔截面积影响最大;悬挂动行程受关键参数的影响趋势与之相反.

关键词：车辆悬挂;动态响应特征;摆动缸式油气悬挂;机械-液压耦合系统;参数敏感性

中图分类号：U469.6                           文献标志码：A

Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics

of Swing-cylinder Hydro-pneumatic Suspension System

CHEN Shengzhao†，DAI Juchuan，ZHANG Zhoujunyu，LING Qihui，CHEN Zhewu

（School of Mechanical Engineering，Hunan University of Science and Technology，Xiangtan 411201，China）

Abstract：In order to investigate the influence of the parameters of the swing-cylinder hydro-pneumatic suspension （HPS） on the “load wheel - suspension - sprung mass” system， a parameter sensitivity analysis on the dynamic response characteristics of the system was conducted under typical working conditions. The mechanical-hydraulic coupled dynamic model was built according to the structural characteristics of the HPS， and then it was verified with the comparison of the results obtained by simulation and experiments from the test rig. The key parameters of the HPS were selected to study their influence on the variation trend of the stiffness and damping characteristics of the suspension， after that their impacts on the dynamic response behavior of the HPS system were investigated under bump excitation. The results show that the stiffness of HPS system  is greatly influenced by the initial gas volume of the accumulator when suspension deflection is small，while the position angle of the hydraulic suspension affects most when suspension deflection becomes large at compression travel; the vertical acceleration at the center-of-gravity of the sprung mass and the wheel load are most affected by the initial gas volume of the accumulator at low frequencies and  it is most affected by the cross-section area of the damping valve at high frequencies; the suspension deflection is affected by these parameters in a reverse trend.

Key words：vehicle suspensions;dynamic response characteristics;swing-cylinder hydro-pneumatic suspension;mechanical-hydraulic coupled system;parameter sensitivities

在履带车辆发展过程中[1-4]，油气悬挂（Hydro-pneumatic Suspension，HPS）以其非线性、变刚度、高承载等特点受到越来越多的关注. 在履带车辆上应用较多的油气悬挂主要有摆动缸式、固定缸式、肘内式等多种结构. 其中，摆动缸式油气悬挂安装于车体外侧面与负重轮之间，具有节省车体空间与降低非簧载质量等优点，成为当前履带车辆悬挂发展的一种重要形式.

一般……