具有旁通阻尼回路的转向器特性研究

王禹琪 刘昕晖 陈晋市 刘思远 霍东阳 李倩雯

摘   要：负荷传感转向已成为铰接式装载机的主要转向形式，为减轻液压系统在转向过程中产生的压力冲击和振荡现象，改善转向系统的稳定性，提出一种具有旁通阻尼的转向器优化结构，并建立转向系统的数学模型，分析负荷传感特性及旁通阻尼对转向稳定性的影响. 建立装载机动力学和液压转向系统联合仿真模型，利用试验测试系统检验仿真模型精度，并将有、无旁通阻尼的两种转向系统模型仿真结果进行对比. 研究结果表明：与原转向结构仿真结果对比，应用旁通阻尼结构转向器的转向系统保证了系统良好负荷传感特性和稳定性的同时，降低了压力冲击峰值，减小了液压系统压力振荡.

关键词：液压传动;装载机;负荷传感特性;转向器

中图分类号：TH137.7                           文献标志码：A

Research on Characteristics of Redirector

with by-pass Damping Structure

WANG Yuqi1，LIU Xinhui1，CHEN Jinshi1†，LIU Siyuan1，HUO Dongyang1，LI Qianwen2

（1. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeringr，Jilin University，Changchun 130025，China;

2. FAW-Volkswagen Motor Co，Ltd，Changchun 130011，China）

Abstract：To reduce the pressure shock and oscillation phenomena caused by the hydraulic system in the steering process， and to improve the stability of the steering system， this paper proposes an optimized structure of redirector with by-pass damping. The mathematical model of steering system is established to analyze the influence of load sensing characteristics and by-pass damping on steering stability. The co-simulation model of loader dynamics and hydraulic steering system is established. The accuracy of the simulation model was verified by the test system. The simulation results of the two steering system models with and without by-pass damping are compared. The results show that，compared with the simulation results of the original steering structure， the steering system with the by-pass damper ensures good load sensing characteristics and stability of the system， weakens the peak pressure shock and reduces the pressure oscillation of the hydraulic system.

Key words：hydraulic drive;loaders;load sensing characteristics;redirector

裝载机主要用于装卸物料和在一定范围内进行铲掘工作[1-2]，在作业的过程中，需要频繁进行转向操作. 铰接式装载机凭借结构紧凑、操作简便的特点，得到广泛应用. 现有的铰接式装载机多采用负荷传感液压转向系统，当驾驶员转动方向盘时液压系统存在一定的冲击、振荡等不稳定情况，造成转向启停时的整机稳定性差，方向盘转速越高，机身的抖动或摆振现象越明显[3-5].

针对上述现象，学者们通过分析车辆的转向几何特性，对转向系统的优化进行了大量的讨论和研究，利用几何分析等方法，减小转向过……