浅析全自动跟踪天线在海上装置的研究与应用

黄华山 刘蓝天 徐荔武 刘田保

摘要：钻井平台等海上装置与陆地进行话音和数据通信，主要是借助卫星、微波等通信方式实现。卫星、微波等无线通信的无线信号经由通信天线发送和接收，并延直线路径在空中传播，这就对通信天线的定向跟踪能力和天线性能提出了严格的要求。以往全自动跟踪天线设备均为国外进口，国内长期未形成成熟的技术和产业，久而久之必将成为制约我国海洋通信事业发展的潜在不利因素。本文结合相应实例，介绍了对全自动跟踪天线的国产化研究以及其在南海钻井平台上的推广应用情况。实际应用情况表明，针对海洋作业环境研发的国产化天线，完全能够替代国外进口设备满足我国海上油气作业船舶的通信需求。其可搭载卫星、微波、散射等多通信业务的模块技术更是具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词：卫星通信  钻井平台通信  全自动跟踪天线  微波/散射通信

Research and Application of Automatic Tracking Antenna in Offshore Equipment

HUANG Huashan  LIU Lantian  XU Liwu  LIU Tianbao

（Zhanjiang Branch， CNOOC Information Technology Co.， Ltd.， Zhanjiang， Guangdong Province， 524057 China）

Abstract： The voice and data communication between offshore devices such as drilling platforms and land is mainly realized by means of satellite， microwave and other communication methods. The wireless signals of satellite， microwave and other wireless communications are transmitted and received through the communication antenna， and propagate in the air along a straight path， which puts forward strict requirements for the directional tracking ability and antenna performance of the communication antenna. In the past， the full-automatic tracking antenna equipment was imported from abroad， and the mature technology and industry have not been formed in China for a long time. Over time， it will become a potential adverse factor restricting the development of China's marine communication industry. Combined with the corresponding examples， this paper introduces the research on the localization of fully automatic tracking antenna and its popularization and application on the drilling platform in the South China Sea. The practical application shows that the domestic antenna developed for the marine operation environment can completely replace the imported equipment and meet the communication needs of China's offshore oil and gas operation ships. Its modular technology， such as capable satellite， microwave， scattering and other multi communication services， have broad application prospects.

Key Words： Satellite communication; Drilling platform communication; Full automatic tracking antenna; Microwave / scattering communication

隨着我国海洋石油勘探开发行业的蓬勃发展，在祖国辽阔的蓝色国土上进行油气开发作业的海上钻井平台、勘探船、油轮等海上油气装置的数量也越来越多。作业船舶在远离陆地的海上航行和作业，传统的地面通信如光纤、电缆等都难以抵及，只能依靠卫星、微波等无线通信手段与陆地以及其他船舶进行通信。在海上，钻井平台等海上船舶的船体往往处于运动和摇摆状态，而卫星、微波等无线通信的通信电波多为直线传播，因此通信天线需要具有较强的自动对星和跟踪功能，才能保障数据传输具有足够的稳定性。……