杨艳 王蔚
【摘 要】民营初创企业多为科技型、文化创意型中小企业,由于其轻资产、无抵押、无征信记录,所以很难从传统的金融支持体系中获得需要的资金支持。因此,论文阐述了无形资产融资租赁对促进民营初创企业发展的现实意义,分析了国内外无形资产融资租赁的发展现状,指出了目前我国发展无形资产融资租赁亟待解决的问题,以期帮助我国为科技创新、文化创意类民营初创企业开辟一条除银行信贷、资本市场之外的有效融资渠道。
【Abstract】Most private start-ups are scientific and technological, cultural creativity small and medium-sized enterprises. Because of their few assets, no collateral items, and no credit record, it is difficult for them to get the financial support they need from the traditional financial support system. Therefore, this paper expounds the practical significance of financial leasing of intangible assets to promote the development of private start-ups, analyzes the development status of financial leasing of intangible assets at home and abroad, and points out the urgent problems to be solved in the development of financial leasing of intangible assets in China, with a view to helping China to open up an effective financing channel other than bank credit and capital market for private start-ups of scientific and technological innovation and cultural creativity.
【關键词】无形资产;融资租赁;民营企业;科技;知识产权
【Keywords】intangible assets; financial leasing; private enterprises; science and technology; intellectual property
【中图分类号】F832.4;F276.5 【文献标志码】A 【文章编号】1673-1069(2021)12-0085-03
1 无形资产融资租赁的概念和现实意义
融资租赁是一种融资与融物相结合的融资方式,具有金融与实体经济紧密结合的显著特征。根据《中华人民共和国民法典》中的定义,融资租赁是指出租人根据承租人对出卖人、租赁物的选择,向出卖人购买租赁物,提供给承租人使用,承租人支付租金的一种融资行为。
无形资产融资租赁就是以知识产权为主要租赁标的的融资租赁。其中,知识产权包括文化产权和工业产权,前者如承载文化资源的版权类无形资产,后者如承载产业资源的各种专利权、商标权、服务标志、厂商名称、原产地名称,以及植物新品种权和集成电路布图设计专有权等无形资产。无形资产融资租赁的特征包括:租赁标的物具有无形性,即虽然具有经济效益的权利,但不具有具体的物质形态;租赁交易构造具有独特性,即融资租赁交易主体间实际是一种“融资性许可”关系;交易流程具有复杂性,即在租赁标的和交易主体审查、标的权属转移和交付等环节需要通过流程设计以预防潜在的交易风险。……