稀少精子冻融后行卵胞浆内单精子注射对受精结局的影响

2021-01-11 03:40:09马文叶程方刘芳康卉娴唐大伟白刚任萌萌金锐
中国现代医生 2021年29期

马文叶 程方 刘芳 康卉娴 唐大伟 白刚 任萌萌 金锐

[关键词] 稀少精子;卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI);睾丸精子抽吸术(TESA);冷冻复苏

[中图分类号] R711.6          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)29-0032-04

The effect of intracytoplasmic sperm injection after freezing and thawing of rare sperm on the outcome of fertilization

MA Wenye   CHENG Fang   LIU Fang   KANG Huixian   TANG Dawei   BAI Gang   REN Mengmeng   JIN Rui

Reproductive Center, Yinchuan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yinchuan   750001, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the fertilization outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) after freezing and thawing of rare sperm obtained by testicular puncture (TESA) in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Methods A total of 200 patients, including the patients with severe oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia who underwent conventional ICSI on ejaculated sperm and the patients with non-obstructive azoospermia ICSI who underwent ICSI on a small amount of fresh or frozen-thawed sperm obtained by TESA from January 2014 to April 2021 in our center were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into group A (conventional ICSI sperm group, 107 cases), group B (frozen TESA sperm group, 35 cases), group C (fresh TESA sperm group, 58 cases) according to different sperm sources. Through case-control studies, the general clinical data and laboratory data of each group were analyzed and compared. The embryo quality was evaluated. Results There was no significant difference in the number of egg retrieved and egg maturation rate between group B [(11.63±2.87), 82.31%] and group A (10.81±3.21, 82.63%) and group C (11.46±3.16, 82.41%)(P>0.05). The normal fertilization rate, normal cleavage rate and high-quality embryo rate of group B (62.99%, 84.83%, 34.64%) were significantly different from those of group A (82.11%, 97.07%, 48.29%) and group C (73.18%, 91.02%, 42.47%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Intracytoplasmic sperm injection after cryopreservation of rare sperm obtained by testicular sperm aspiration can solve the infertility problem in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.

[Key words] Rare sperm; Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA); Cryopreservation

近來,男性精子的数量和质量持续下降,成为造成男性不育的主要因素。有研究显示,男性不育症发病率中精子异常占10%左右[1-2],其中60%~75%的男性不育患者表现为少精、弱精、无精或精子畸形等[3-4]。目前治疗严重男性不育症最有效的方法首选卵胞浆内单精子注射(Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection,ICSI)[5]。另外,少弱精子症患者通过射精能得到少量精子,睾丸穿刺术(Testicular Sperm Aspiration,TESA)也可以帮助无精子症患者获得少许睾丸精子[6],若将这些精子行ICSI或取卵当日冷冻复苏后行ICSI,对减少患者反复睾丸穿刺带来的痛苦及确保取卵当日有足够的睾丸精子授精等有重要意义,或许能够解决精液异常患者的不育难题。据《中国不孕不育现状调研报告》统计,中国现阶段育龄人群中不孕不育人数已超过6000万,从20年前的2.5%~3%上升到现在的15%~20%。其中男方因素约占30%,双方因素约占20%。且每年有40万的取卵周期,8万个ICSI周期;1万左右精子冷冻周期,需求量在逐年上升[7]。因此,男性生殖健康成为近年来新的研究热点,且不孕不育已成为继肿瘤和心脑血管疾病之后的第三大世界医疗难题。

目前由于经过TESA得到的精子数量较少,而且临床上也未能找到合适的稀少精子冷冻方法,所以对于TESA精子的冷冻效果仍有争议[8];TESA精子冻融后行ICSI的受精率等实验室指标及临床妊娠率等,国内外研究报道不一。……

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