档案作用群体认同的反思与策略探析

周林兴 章煜

摘 要：档案对于群体认同作用的研究已成为档案学术界的一个热点。学者们认为档案应该从正向建构与强化群体认同、以集体记忆载体形式作用于群体认同等，但在研究中也忽略了档案强化群体认同可能带来的挤压选择空间、割裂各式认同等负面影响以及淡化档案影响群体认同方式的多样性与认同效力的整体性。文章针对群体认同问题，认为档案学研究应该拓展研究视角，更加关注档案作用群体身份的消解、群体权利的确立、群体情感的凝聚、群体认同的效力等，提出要尊重群体意愿，维护成员“被遗忘权”；适当让渡职能，鼓励成员参与叙事；分享共同记忆，激发成员思想共鸣等实践策略。

关键词：群体认同；档案学研究；社会记忆；权利

分类号：G270

Reflection and Strategies Research on Archives in the Field of Group Identification

Zhou Linxing， Zhang Yu

（Department of Library，Information and Archives of Shanghai University，Shanghai 200444）

Abstract：The research that focuses on the role of archives on group identity has become a hot area in archives academic circles. It is believed that archives should construct and strengthen group identity in a positive way， and act on group identity in the form of collective memory carriers. However， archives are unintentionally ignored in some studies. Strengthening group identity may bring about negative effects such as squeezing the choice space and fragmenting various identities， as well as diluting the diversity of the ways in which the archives affect group identity and the integrity of identity effectiveness. Aiming at the problem of group identity， archives researches should expand its research perspective， pay more attention to the role of archives， the elimination of group identity， the establishment of group rights， the cohesion of group emotions， the effectiveness of group identity， etc. Then this paper proposes to respect the wishes of the group and maintain members’ right to be forgotten； appropriately transfer functions and encourage members to participate in narration； share common memories and stimulate empathy.

Key words：Group Identity； Archival Research； Social Memory； Right

伴隨着社会的不断进步，人口流动日趋便利与频繁。以血缘、地域、肤色等为纽带形成的群体认同逐渐松动，新型群体在不断碰撞与融合中孕育而生。同以往群体关系的疏远以及对未来群体身份的茫然加剧了个体不安全感，群体认同问题日益凸显。档案学界基于档案原始记录性的独特价值，对档案运用于群体认同展开了研究，形成了一定的成果。本文在分析与思考现有档案与群体认同研究的基础上，在理论层面研究档案是否应作用于群体认同，在实践层面探究档案应如何作用于群体认同，为档案与群体认同研究的深入与拓展提供思路。

1 文献回顾

通过文献梳理，发现国内外对档案与群体认同的研究成果主要集中在三个方面。……