马铃薯高效专用水溶肥肥效试验初报

崔云玲 张立勤 姜银春 车宗贤 赵欣楠 崔增团 万伦

摘要：以加工型馬铃薯品种大西洋为指示品种，在景泰扬黄灌区对3个型号的马铃薯高效专用水溶肥进行了肥效试验。结果表明，施用马铃薯高效专用水溶肥对马铃薯的产量性状有较好的促进作用，有利于增加单穴结薯数和单穴薯重，提高大中薯率和商品薯率，减少烂薯，从而提高产量和增加纯收益及产投比。综合分析认为，在马铃薯生产中可进行大面积推广应用，建议景泰扬黄灌区及类似地区马铃薯高效专用水溶肥的施用方案为马铃薯生长前期（出苗期至现蕾期）施马铃薯高效专用水溶肥Ⅰ型180～225 kg/hm2，中期（初花期至终花期）施马铃薯高效专用水溶肥Ⅱ型360～450 kg/hm2，后期（终花期至成熟期）施马铃薯高效专用水溶肥Ⅲ型240～300 kg/hm2。

关键词：马铃薯高效专用水溶肥;马铃薯;肥效试验;扬黄灌区

中图分类号：S147.2;  S532   文献标志码：A    文章编号：1001-1463（2021）12-0048-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.12.011

Yield and Water Utilization Effects of Corn Cultivated by Raised Bed Plastic Film Mulching and Furrow Irrigation under Different

Water and Nitrogen Conditions

ZHANG Liqin， YANG Sicun， CUI Yunling， WANG Chengbao

（Institute of Soil， Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract：In order to determine the effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on the yield of corn under ridge film furrow irrigation in Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province， the yield and water use effect of corn under ridge film furrow irrigation under different nitrogen application rate and irrigation quota were studied by split plot test. The results showed that nitrogen application， irrigation and the interaction between water and nitrogen had important effects on corn yield. When the irrigation quota increased from 3 600 m3/hm2 to 4 500 m3/hm2 and the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased in the range of 0～300 kg/hm2， the number of grains per ears of corn and 1000-grain weight also increased， and yield increased significantly. Increasing irrigation quota and reducing nitrogen application，water use efficiency of corn decreased. The yield and water use efficiency of corn treated with N 300 kg/hm2 and irrigation quota of 4 500 m3/hm2 were relatively higher， and the yield reduction was only 0.17% compared with that of the highest yield treated with N 300 kg/hm2 and irrigation quota of 5 400 m3/hm2， with no significant difference in yield reduction. Compared with N 300 kg/hm2 and irrigation quota of 5 400 m3/hm2， WUE increased by 11.45%， water saving 900 m3/hm2. Under the conditions of cultivation of raised bed covered with plastic film and furrow irrigation in the Hexi Corridor， 300 kg/hm2 and 4 500 m3/hm2 can be selected as the suitable nitrogen application rate and irrigation quota for corn. To obtain yield above      15 000 kg/hm2 for corn， the suitable nitrogen application and irrigation quota ranges are 180～390 kg/hm2 and    3 720～5 100 m3/hm2 respectively.

Key words：Corn;Raised bed covered with plastic film and furrow irrigation;Amount of nitrogen applied;Irrigation norm;Water coupling with nitrogen;Water use efficiency

景泰县地处甘肃中部的扬黄灌区，属温带大陆性干旱型气候，光热土地资源丰富，昼夜温差大，灌溉条件便利[1 - 2 ]。马铃薯是甘肃省六大农业产业之一[3 ]，在景泰扬黄灌区种植的马铃薯产量高、品质好、经济效益好，是当地农民增产增收的主要途径之一。自国家提出马铃薯主粮化战略后[4 ]，景泰县抢抓机遇，在当地大力扶持马铃薯产业的可持续发展。近年来，受水肥一体化技术大力普及的影响，我国水溶性肥料产业发展迅速[5 ]。水溶肥是指能够完全溶解于水的多元素复合型、速效性肥料，具有养分含量高、易溶解、肥效快、增产作用明显等特点[6 - 8 ]。……