何苏琴 刘永刚 李广阔 李风庆

摘要:毛壳核腔菌[Pyrenophora chaetomioides(synonym:Drechslera avenae)]是一种广泛分布于世界各燕麦产区的病原真菌,可为害燕麦的叶片和小穗,降低燕麦产量和饲草品质。采用含药平板法测定了8种杀菌剂(15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂、75%百菌清可湿性粉剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、50%速克灵可湿性粉剂、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂和400 g/L氟硅唑乳油)对毛壳核腔菌(菌株ASA-11 和 ASA-13)的抑菌效果。結果表明,在试验浓度下,8种供试杀菌剂对毛壳核腔菌菌丝生长均具有不同程度的抑制效果,其中70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂500倍液,10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂1 000倍液、5 000倍液和400 g/L氟硅唑乳油5 000倍液、10 000倍液的抑菌效果最好,均达100%;50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍液的抑菌效果最差,仅为40.77%。
关键词:毛壳核腔菌;杀菌剂;燕麦
中图分类号:S512.6 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)12-0056-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.12.013
Inhibition of Fungicides to Pyrenophora chaetomioides
HE Suqin 1, 2, LIU Yonggong 1, 2, LI Guangkuo 3, 4, LI Fengqing 5
(1. Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China; 2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Tianshui, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P. R. China, Gangu Gansu 741200, China; 3. Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Xinjiang 830091, China; 4. Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P. R. China, Urumqi Xinjiang 830091, China; 5. Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Gannan Area, Hezuo Gansu 747000, China)
Abstract:Pyrenophora chaetomioides(synonym: Drechslera avenae) is a cosmopolitan pathogen of Avena spp., and infects leaves and spikelets, reducing grain yield and forage quality. Fungicide sensitivity of P. chaetomioides isolates(ASA-11 and ASA-13) was assessed by amendment plate method: autoclaved PDA media were amended prior to pouring with 8 different fungicides(triadimefon 15% WP, chlorothalonil 75% WP, carbendazim 50% WP, mancozeb 70% WP, procymidone 50% WP, difenoconazole 10% WDG, tebuconazole 430 g/L SC and flusilazole 400 g/L EC). The results showed that under test concentrations, all eight fungicides could inhibit the mycelial growth of P. chaetomioides, of which mancozeb 70% WP(500 times), difenoconazole 10% WDG (1 000 times, 5 000 times) and flusilazole 400 g/L EC (5 000 times, 10 000 times), inhibitory effects were up to 100%;carbendazim 50% WP (500 times) exhibited the worst inhibitory effect, only to 40.77%.
Key words:Pyrenophora chaetomioides;Fungicides;Oats
燕麦(Avena spp.)是一类重要的农作物,具有耐瘠薄、耐盐碱、耐干旱、耐严寒等特性,并且产草量大、营养价值高,是目前广泛被认可和推广的优良禾本科牧草,也是生态条件脆弱地区不可替代的特色粮饲兼用作物[1 - 4 ]。
毛壳核腔菌[Pyrenophora chaetomioides Speg.(synonym:Drechslera avenae)]是一种广泛分布于世界各燕麦产区的病原真菌,条件适宜时可引起严重的燕麦叶斑和苗萎,降低燕麦籽粒产量和饲草品质[5 - 11 ]。在不同环境条件下,可以引起不同的病害症状,除了形成分散的梭形、椭圆形、不规则形病斑外,还可形成条斑[6, 12 ];除叶片外,病菌还可侵染小穗[13 ];病斑的颜色可以是褐色、黄褐色、红褐色、黑色和紫色等[6 - 8, 10, 13 - 14 ]。天气条件对病害发生程度影响很大,降水和高湿度有利于病菌侵染[15 ]。……