7种不同叶面肥对西瓜生长、产量和品质的影响

谢英添 马江黎 吴文丽 孙兴祥 顾春荣

摘 要：为探讨不同叶面肥对西瓜生长、果实产量和品质的影响，以早佳8424为试验材料，采用叶面喷施的方法，研究了7种不同叶面肥2次喷施后对西瓜生长指标、产量和品质的影响，以期为设施西瓜栽培技术提供参考依据。结果表明，7种叶面肥均能增加西瓜主茎粗与叶片叶绿素含量，提升西瓜产量，但对西瓜鲜、干质量和品质指标影响表现出不同差异。与对照相比，济农800、南农聚丰处理的产量分别提高26.13%、20.39%;泰克明、普利登、旺泰宝、南农聚丰、济农800可显著提高西瓜中心可溶性固形物含量，分别提高了23.73%、23.30%、21.57%、19.42%、15.43%;泰克明处理后西瓜维生素C含量提升13.84%。综上所述，济农800、南农聚丰对提高西瓜产量的效果最佳;泰克明、旺泰宝对改善西瓜品质的效果最好。

关键词：西瓜;叶面肥;生长;产量;品质

中图分类号：S651 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）12-063-05

Abstract： To investigate the effects of foliar fertilizers on the growth and fruit yield and quality of watermelon， Zaojia 8424 was used as experimental material to study the effects of seven foliar fertilizers on the growth index， yield and quality of watermelon after twice foliar spraying， in order to provide reference for the cultivation technology of protected watermelon. The results showed that seven foliar fertilizers could increase the stem diameter of main vine and chlorophyll content of leaves， and improve the yield of watermelon. However， the effects on the fresh and dry quality and quality indexes of watermelon varied. Compared with the control， the fruit yield of Jinong 800 and Nannong Jufeng increased by 26.13% and 20.39%， respectively. The soluble solid content of watermelon was significantly increased by 23.70%， 23.34%， 21.54%， 19.38% and 15.43% by Taikeming， Pulideng， Wangtaibao， Nannong Jufeng and Jinong 800， respectively. Vitamin C content of watermelon was increased by 13.88% after spraying Taikeming. In conclusion， Jinong 800 and Nannongjufeng had the best effect on watermelon yield. Taikeming and Wangtaibao showed the best effect on improving watermelon quality.

Key words： Watermelon; Foliar fertilizers; Growth; Yield; Quality

西瓜果實汁多味甜，富含多种维生素，是人们最喜爱的生食瓜果之一[1]，全世界瓜果用地的7%用于种植西瓜[2]。江苏是中国西瓜重要产区之一，西瓜种植在江苏省农业结构调整，促进农业增效、农民增收和推进现代农业发展中占有的地位越来越重要[3]。江苏省西瓜种植效益较高，但生产投入、用工成本加大等问题突出，其中，西瓜肥料施用技术水平普遍较高[4]。近年来，西瓜种植户为追求西瓜高产、优质，生产中大量施用化肥、叶面肥等各类肥料，导致肥料利用率低下，增加生产成本，不符合农业生产减肥减药的绿色转型升级要求。……