球毛壳菌Cg-1对水果采后致病菌的抑制效果

2021-01-14 13:08:59李丽丽
科学与生活 2021年15期

李丽丽

摘要:本文对球毛壳菌Cg-1菌株应用于水果采摘后病害的防治进行了综述,包括防治机理、防治效果、防治的优势。球毛壳菌Cg-1是一种植物内生菌,该菌株能生活在植物体内,经诱导产生的粗酶液和抗生物质粗提液均具能明显抑制多种植物病菌菌丝的生长和孢子萌发,使采后水果延长保质期。试验表明该菌株对水果采摘后防病抑病优于假丝酵母,无毒、无污染,对多种病害具有较好的抑制效果。

关键词: 内生真菌;采后病害;抑制效果

Abstract: the application of Chaetomium globosum Cg-1 strain in the prevention and control of diseases after fruit picking was reviewed, including prevention and control mechanism, prevention and control effect and advantages. Chaetomium globosum Cg-1 is a kind of endophytic bacteria, which can live in plants. The crude enzyme solution and antibiotic crude extract produced by induction can obviously inhibit the growth of hyphae and spore germination of various plant pathogens, and prolong the shelf life of postharvest fruits. Experiments show that the strain is superior to Candida spp. in preventing and suppressing diseases after fruit picking, and it is non-toxic and pollution-free, and has a good inhibitory effect on various diseases.

Key words: endophytic fungi; Postharvest diseases; Inhibition effect

引言

水果采摘后腐爛大多由真菌引起,水果在采收、包装、贮存和运输过程中若受到机械损伤[1],霉菌很容易通过伤口侵蚀水果,并在水果上大量生长,从而造成水果的腐烂。真菌则是水果最主要的致腐病原菌,前人制定出诸如低温冷藏、气调贮藏、减压贮藏等对抑制真菌病害行之有效的环境控制措施[2]。现今社会,对水果新鲜度的要求更为严格,对保鲜技术更为重视,基于此,球毛壳菌Cg-1就目前我国国内水果采摘后的保鲜和贮存致病菌的防治具有非常好的抑制效果。

1.水果采后真菌病害的分离和鉴定

1.1从健康组织中分离潜伏侵染病原菌

在贮运的水果中选取侵染病菌的果实,取病变的组织部位进行分离[3]。

1.1.1分离方法:在无菌超净工作台上,将所取病变组织部位首先放入70%的酒精中浸泡30s,迅速用灭菌滤纸吸除酒精后,移入2%的次氯酸钠溶液浸泡1min,再用灭菌水清洗3次(本操作可在灭过菌的培养皿或20ml小……

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