过江隧道渗漏水病害探查及治理技术研究

全强 秦旺

摘 要：由于过江隧道所处环境复杂多变，防水工程施工条件及质量难以保证，渗漏水病害探查及治理成为隧道工程全寿命周期内必须面对的挑战之一。因此，本文在调研了隧道工程渗漏水病害探查及治理技术最新进展的基础上，探讨了渗漏水类型及机理、运营期隧道渗漏水检测技术与加固措施等，并指出目前研究中的不足并给出建议。结果表明：渗漏水病害诱发原因极其复杂，与水文地质条件、防水工程、施工环境等有关;渗漏水处治的主要方法是注浆封堵，但注浆材料不具备普适性。因此，需进一步明确渗漏水类型与诱因的作用关系，研发高性能隧道渗漏水修复材料，形成适用于过江隧道的渗漏水防治方法及施工工艺等关键技术体系。

关键词：隧道  渗漏水机理  检测  治理技术

Abstract： Due to the complex and changeable environment of river crossing tunnel， it is difficult to ensure the construction conditions and quality of waterproof engineering. So the detection and treatment of water leakage diseases become one of the challenges that must be faced in the whole life cycle of tunnel engineering. Therefore， in this paper， based on the investigation of the latest progress of water leakage disease detection and treatment technology in tunnel engineering， water leakage type and mechanism， water leakage detection technology and reinforcement measures in operation period are discussed， and the deficiencies in current research are pointed out and suggestions are given. The results show that the causes of water seepage are very complicated， which are related to hydrogeological conditions， waterproof engineering and construction environment. The main treatment method of seepage water leakage is grouting， but the grouting material is not universal.Therefore， it is necessary to further clarify the relationship between water leakage types and inducements， develop high-performance tunnel water leakage repair materials， and form key technology systems such as water leakage prevention methods and construction technology suitable for river tunnel.

Key Words： Tunnel; Leakage mechanism; Detection; Management technology

1 隧道滲漏水病害分类

1.1 按渗漏形式分类

隧道工程的渗漏水灾害根据形式可划分为点渗漏、缝渗漏和面渗漏。点渗漏的渗漏面积较小，各点之间相对独立，彼此之间未连成线状或面状;缝渗漏多指变形缝、施工缝和结构混凝土裂缝处出现的渗漏，这种渗漏部位清晰、渗漏水比较集中，且渗透点已连接成线;面渗透的渗透部位面积较大，现象较普遍，渗透线已连接成面，其大部分由壁后空洞引起。

1.2 按渗漏水流量分类

按照渗漏水流量，隧道工程渗漏水可分为湿渍、渗水、水珠、滴漏和涌水。湿渍的特点为衬砌内表面或地下建筑结构表面呈……