程伟鸿 史文革 李文杰 孙乔
摘要:铀矿浸出环节,反应速度是重要衡量指标,分析影响浸铀反应速率,建立动力学模型,为以后的生产提供一个有力的参考。本文简要介绍了国内和国外溶浸采铀动力学的发展现状,阐述了球形颗粒中浸出矿物的数学模型,证实矿物之间具有一定转换关系等。重点介绍了堆浸和地浸动力学模型,其中堆浸动力学模型证实了当矿石中四价铀含量较低时,若想在短时间内提高铀的浸出率,必须加入氧化剂,提高氧化能力,把四价铀转化成六价铀,从而提高铀的浸出率。地浸动力学模型采用碱法地浸并建立了采铀地球化学动力学模型。本文最后指出了今后我國溶浸采铀动力学研究的方向。
关键词:溶浸采铀 堆浸动力学 地浸动力学地电化学浸出铀铀矿资源
Abstract: Reaction rate is an important index in uranium leaching. The analysis of the influence on the reaction rate of uranium leaching and the establishment of a kinetic model provide a powerful reference for future production. This paper briefly introduces the development status of domestic and foreign uranium leaching kinetics, expounds the mathematical model of leaching minerals in spherical particles, and confirms that there is a certain conversion relationship between minerals. The kinetic model of heap leaching and in-situ leaching is mainly introduced. The heap leaching kinetic model proves that when the content of tetravalent uranium in the ore is low, if you want to increase the leaching rate of uranium in a short time, you must add an oxidant to increase the oxidation capacity to convert tetravalent uranium into hexavalent uranium, thereby increasing the leaching rate of uranium. The kinetic model of in-situ leaching adopts alkaline in-situ leaching and a geochemical kinetic model of uranium mining is established. Finally, the research direction of uranium leaching kinetics in China in the future is pointed out.
KeyWords: Leaching uranium mining; Heap leaching kinetics; In-situ leaching kinetics;Geoelectrochemical leaching of uranium;Uranium resources
我国于20世纪60年代初步开始研究铀资源开采和试验技术,其作为核电的主要原料,与国家安全、经济、战略密切相关。近年来,随着科学技术发展,各领域对铀资源需求量增大,从当前核电领域发展分析,世界领域铀发展维持供需平衡,满足核电需求。随着核电产业快速发展,原子能工业对铀资源需求增大,未来10年可会有所缺口。我国铀矿床分布在江西、广西、辽宁、内蒙古等地区,天然铀呈现南方硬岩向北方砂岩转移趋势。虽然目前铀资源较多,但提取难度大,需要进口维持核电产业。目前铀矿主要以露天、地下和原地浸出3种开采方式。其中地浸生产方式占整体开采量的半数,是目前铀资源的重要来源。……