2015-2020年三江源区空气质量变化特征研究

李春杰

摘 要：三江源区位于青藏高原腹地，相比于其他内陆地区，三江源区整体环境空气质量相对较高，但PM10、SO2和O3污染冋题也日益凸显，并引起学术界广泛关注。通过采集2015—2020年三江源区国控点观测的空气质量数据资料，对PM2.5、PM10、CO、SO2、NO2、O3等大气污染物特征进行分析。研究结果表明：三江源区国控点单点环境空气质量日均值优良率为100%，空气质量2015—2020年呈波动提高趋势，环境空气质量总体较高。大气污染物主要为PM2.5、PM10、SO2、O3，其中PM2.5、PM10、SO2、O3在少数月份低于《环境空气质量标准》的一级标准。国控点主要污染物PM2.5、PM10、NO2、SO2浓度10月至次年4月期间明显偏高，CO浓度11月至次年2月期间明显偏高，O3浓度在3月至7月期间明显偏高。研究结果可为三江源区大气污染控制提供借鉴。

关键词：三江源区空气质量大气污染物变化特征

Abstract： The three river source area is located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Compared with other inland areas， the overall ambient air quality in the three river source area is relatively high. However， the problem of PM10， SO2 and O3 pollution is getting increasingly prominent and has aroused widespread concern by academia. Using air quality data observed at state-controlled points in the three river source area from 2015 to 2020， the characteristics of PM2.5， PM10， CO， SO2， NO2， O3 and other air pollutants were analyzed. The results show that the daily average excellence rate of ambient air quality at a single point controlled by the state in the three river source areais 100%， the air quality fluctuates and improves from 2015 to 2020， and the ambient air quality is generally high. The air pollutants are mainly PM2.5， PM10， SO2 and O3， among which PM2.5， PM10， SO2 and O3 are lower than the class I standard of the ambient air quality standard in a few months. The concentrations of main pollutants PM2.5， PM10， NO2 and SO2 in state control points were significantly higher from October to April of the next year， the concentration of CO was significantly higher from November to February of the next year， and the concentration of O3 was significantly higher from March to July. The results can provide reference for air pollution control in the three river source area.

Key Words： Three river source area; Air quality; Air pollutants; Variation characteristics

近年來，随着我国城市化、工业化的不断推进，能源需求和使用量不断增加，环境空气质量不断下降，灰霾污染事件频繁发生[1]。大气颗粒物携带有毒重金属、硫酸盐、有机物、病毒、细菌等污染物，能直接进入人体呼吸道和肺部，影响肺部及其他器官健康[2]。作为主要大气污染物的二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO2）、近地层臭氧（O3）和可吸入颗粒物（PM10）已对全球太阳辐射平衡、全球气候、水循环、生态环境、大气能见度和人类健康产生了重要影响，并影响到人类的生存和可持续发展[3-4]。由于次生臭氧及细颗粒物的存在，大气污染物已从局地的一次污染转变为区域的二次污染，并显示出多污染物共存、多污染源叠加、多尺度关联、多过程耦合的特点[5-6]。……