基于“水土保持功能分区”的土地利用转型及生态环境效应研究

乐立，邢颖，周宇洋，张杭杭，张光鉴

摘 要 以都勻市水土保持功能分区为例，基于2010，2015和2017年度土地利用现状数据，通过土地利用转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数和生态贡献率对各功能区土地利用转型方式和生态环境效应进行研究。结果表明：2010—2017年期间都匀市各水土保持功能区生态和生产用地面积减少，生活用地面积增加，各水土保持功能区生态环境质量指数整体略微下降，但总体上基本维持稳定。从土地利用转型对生态环境影响贡献度分析，2010—2017年期间各水土保持功能区并存生态环境改善和恶化2种趋势，但环境恶化趋势明显大于环境改善趋势，亟待开展生态用地建设和生态修复工作。

关键词 水土保持功能分区;土地利用转型;生态环境效应;都匀市

中图分类号：k9 文献标识码：A

Study on Land Use Transition and Eco-environmental Effects Based on "Soil and Water Conservation Functional Zoning" ： Take Duyun City as an Example

Yue Li1 ， Xing Ying 2 ， Zhou Yuyang1 ， Zhang Hanghang1 ， Zhang Guangjian3

（1.Duyun Natural Resources Bureau， Duyun Guizhou 558000; 2.Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities， Duyun Guizhou 558000; 3.Qiannan Natural Resources Bureau， Duyun Guizhou 558000）

Abstract： Taking the water and soil conservation functional zoning in Duyun City as an example， based on the current land use data in 2010， 2015 and 2017， the land use transformation mode and eco-environmental effect of each functional area were studied through land use transfer matrix， eco-environmental quality index and ecological contribution rate. The results show that during the period 2010-2017， the ecological and production land area of the soil and water conservation functional areas in Duyun City decreased， the living land area increased and the ecological environment quality index of the soil and water conservation functional areas declined slightly as a whole， but remained stable on the whole. From the analysis of the contribution of land use transition to the ecological environment， the ecological environment improvement and deterioration trends coexist in the water and soil conservation functional areas during the period 2010—2017， but the environmental deterioration trend is significantly greater than the environmental improvement trend. Ecological land construction and ecological restoration work  urgently needs to be carried out.

Keywords： soil and water conservation functional zoning; land use transformation; eco-environmental effects; Duyun city

水土保持功能分区作为区域科学制定水土保持规划和开展水土保持工作的重要依据和基础工作[1-2]，在全面分析区域自然条件、土壤侵蚀类型和社会经济发展状况等影响区域水土流失的各种因素的基础上，通过不同水土流失防治功能区的划分，精确有效地指导水土流失防治措施总体设计与布局，达到因地制宜、分类指导、提高水土流失综合防治的成效[3-4]。

土地利用结构变化作为影响区域水土流失的重要因素之一，“生态”“生产”和“生活”三大主导功能地类间相互转型，能够较好反映各区域发展的特点[5]，其变化过程对水土流失的影响亦有着重要意义。

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