矿山越界开采刑事风险防控浅析

王卫文

摘   要 越界开采是一种违法行为，轻者受到行政处罚，重则触犯刑律，是矿山必须防范的刑事风险之一。本文从越界开采入刑的历史沿革出发，总结了越界开采构成非法采矿罪的特点，分析了越界开采刑事风险产生的原因，提出了防控越界开采刑事风险的建议。在当前生态文明理念不断深入的背景下，本文的探讨有助于提高矿山企业刑事风险防范意识，推进矿产资源保护政策的实施。

关键词 越界开采;刑事风险;防控

中图分类号：F407.1 文献标识码：A

Analysis on the Prevention and Control of Criminal Risks of Cross-boundary Mining： From the Perspective of Illegal Mining Crime

Wang Weiwen

（Natural Resources Bureau of Lengshuijiang， Loudi  Hunan 417500）

Abstract： As an unlawful action， cross-boundary mining is subject to administrative penalty in minor cases but may violate the criminal law in serious circumstances. Therefore， it is one of the criminal risks that mining enterprises must take all precautions. Tracing back to the history of cross-boundary mining being included in criminal law， the characteristics of illegal cross-boundary mining， were summarized the causes of its criminal risks were analyzed， and suggestions on the prevention and control of criminal risks of cross-boundary mining were put forward. Against the backdrop of advocating eco-conservation， this study is conducive to improve the awareness of criminal risk prevention for mining enterprises and promote the implementation of policies on mineral resources protection.

Keywords：  cross-boundary; criminal risks; prevention and control

目前， 企業法律风险防控的重点偏向于民商法律风险和经济风险的审查和管理，对于刑事法律风险的关注度不够。然而一旦发生了刑事法律风险，企业会承担相比其他法律风险更大的损失[1]。随着工业化、城市化的快速推进，我国矿产资源勘查开采活动日益活跃[2]，矿山企业铤而走险越界开采的现象依然存在，结果轻者受到行政处罚，重则触犯刑律。内蒙古自治区赤峰宝马矿业有限公司因越界开采酿成的“12.3”矿难就是一个血的教训：2016年12月3日，该矿越界开采发生特别重大瓦斯爆炸事故，共造成32人死亡，20人受伤，直接经济损失4 399万元，矿山相关证照被吊销，事故单位22名责任人和10名有关公职人员被判处刑罚。前车之覆，后车之鉴。本文以非法采矿罪为视角，探讨相关防控对策，旨在减少矿山刑事风险，提高依法办矿水平。

1 矿山越界开采入刑的历史沿革

1.1 以故意毁坏公私财物罪追究刑事……