反馈交易导致了理性投机的不稳定性吗?

2021-01-16 02:56:55陈聪胡昌生
预测 2021年1期

陈聪 胡昌生

摘 要:本文拓展了De Long等的模型,研究了正反馈交易者与理性投机者之间的关系。研究表明:第一,如果市场中出现一个准确信号,在正反馈交易者的反馈系数具有递减性、引入额外的无附加信息交易时期的情形下,理性投机会产生稳定效应。第二,如果这一信号含有噪音,理性投机可以在信号所含噪音成分较大的情况下产生稳定效应。第三,如果市场依次出现正确信号与噪音信号,资产价格会在不同时期对第一个信号表现出相反的反应;如果市场中缺乏理性投机者,资产价格会产生反转效应。基于研究结论,本文从遏制噪音交易比例等角度提供政策建议。

关键词:反馈交易;理性投机;稳定性

中图分类号:F830.91文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5192(2021)01-0053-07doi:10.11847/fj.40.1.53

Abstract:This study extends the model of De Long et al. by including additional trading dates and informative signal. The results of our study are as follows. First, in the case of one noiseless signal, when the feedback coefficient of positive feedback traders is decreasing and the time interval between informative signal arrival and asset liquidation is long, rational speculators will stabilize asset prices.Second, if rational speculator’s signal is noisy, rational speculation can still stabilize asset prices as the information content of signal is very low. Third, if traders observe one noiseless and noisy signals in turn, asset price will show opposite reaction to the first signal in different periods; asset price will exhibit reversal effect if there are few rational speculators. Based on the above conclusion, the author provides policy recommendations such as curb the proportion of noise trading.

Key words:feedback trading; rational speculation; stability

1 引言

传统理论认为,如果非理性投资者在市场中导致价格错位,理性投机者会通过及时、有效的套利行为迅速消除,使价格重新回归基本面价值。同时,理性投机者的套利也意味着理性投机者与非理性投资者之间的交易会导致后者输光钱财而被淘汰出局。因此,非理性投资者不会对价格产生影响,金融市场始终保持稳定[1]。但是,这一观点受到了现实市场的严峻挑战,现实中的理性投机者在套利时会遭遇非理性投资者的信念在一定时期内更加极端化的噪音交易者风险,即使在没有基本面风险与执行成本的市场中,仅噪音交易者风险便足以使套利受到限制,导致非理性投资者对资产价格构成系统性的影响,诱发资产价格的异常波动[2]。……

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