简冲 曹荣 王善宇 王灵昭







摘 要:为探究咸干鲅鱼风干加工过程中脂质变化情况,以青岛传统咸干鲅鱼为研究对象,分别对鲜鱼和不同风干时间样品总脂含量、脂质组成、脂肪酸组成、酸价(acid value,AV)、过氧化值(peroxide value,POV)、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARs)值进行检测。结果表明:鲜鲅鱼总脂含量为34.96 g/100 g(干基计),在风干过程中变化不显著(P>0.05);与鲜鲅鱼相比,风干鲅鱼脂质组成发生明显变化,其中甘油三酯和磷脂的含量顯著降低(P<0.05),而游离脂肪酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),胆固醇含量相对稳定。脂肪酸组成在加工过程总体变化较小,其中多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量在干制阶段有所减少。咸干鲅鱼风干加工过程中,POV、AV、TBARs值均呈上升趋势。咸干鲅鱼的风干加工过程会影响其脂质组分的相对含量,同时引起脂质的氧化分解。
关键词:咸干鲅鱼;风干;脂质组成;脂质氧化;脂肪酸
Abstract: This study was undertaken in order to explore the changes in the lipid profile of traditional Qingdao dried salted Spanish mackerel during natural air-drying. The total lipid content, lipid composition, fatty acid composition, acid value (AV), peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) value of fresh fish and salted fish with different air-drying durations were measured. The results showed that the total lipid content of fresh Spanish mackerel was 34.96 g/100 g (on a dry basis), and did not significantly change during air drying (P > 0.05). There was a remarkable difference in lipid composition between dried and fresh Spanish mackerel; the contents of triglycerides and phospholipids significantly decreased compared with those in the fresh fish (P < 0.05); while the content of fatty acids significantly increased. However, the content of cholesterol did not vary between the two groups. Overall, fatty acid composition changed little during the air drying process except for a decrease in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, POV, AV and TBARs values all showed an increasing trend. The air drying process affected the proportions of various lipid components and caused the oxidative breakdown of lipids.
Keywords: dried salted Spanish mackerel; air drying; lipid composition; lipid oxidation; fatty acid
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210518-142
中图分类号:TS254.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)12-0001-06
引文格式:
简冲, 曹荣, 王善宇, 等. 咸干鲅鱼自然风干过程中脂质变化[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(12): 1-6. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210518-142. http://www.rlyj.net.cn
鲅鱼,学名蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius),体态呈纺锤形,背部为蓝黑色,布满蓝色斑点。鲅鱼广泛分布于我国渤海、黄海以及东海海域,其营养丰富、味道鲜美,深受消费者喜爱。
干鲅鱼是北方沿海地区的传统特色美食,青岛地区又称之为“甜晒鲅鱼”。“甜晒”并非指加糖,而是特指经自然风干、不加其他调味品的加工方式,产品口感劲道、咸鲜味美、风味独特。近年来,科研人员对咸干鲅鱼食用安全性[1]、菌群结构[2]、香气成分[3-4]、加工工艺[5]等
进行了研究,而对加工过程中脂质变化的研究较少。……