杨霞 付佑胜 李建伟 杨倩 李永丰

摘要:金丝皇菊属于多年生草本菊科植物,是我国特色中草药之一。田间杂草的化学防除存在产生药害、污染中药材品质的风险。对金丝皇菊种植地的杂草进行调查,并设计不同秸秆覆盖(水稻秸秆、玉米秸秆和大豆秸秆)、地膜覆盖(黑色地膜和透明地膜)处理,对杂草防除效果进行试验研究。结果发现,畦沟使用的3种秸秆覆盖处理均有很好的抑草效果,其中采用玉米秸秆8 cm厚度覆盖抑制杂草的效果最佳,抑草率高达9454%;垄上黑色地膜覆盖抑草效果明显高于透明地膜,达90.91%。因此,垄上的黑色地膜覆盖+畦沟的玉米秸秆覆盖组合可大幅抑制金丝皇菊田间的杂草密度,为江苏省金丝皇菊种植地的生态控草提供科学依据。
关键词:金丝皇菊;杂草防除;秸秆覆盖;地膜覆盖;控草效果
中图分类号:S474+.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1003-935X(2021)03-0061-06
Abstract:Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Jinsihuangju’,one of Chinese herbal medicines,is a perennial herb of the Compositae family. Its quality and safe production are threatened by chemical herbicides. In this study,non-chemical methods to control weeds C. morifolium ‘Jinsihuangju’ fields were evaluated. Straw (from rice,maize and soybean) and plastic films (black and white) mulches were assessed for their weed control efficacy. The three straw mulches in border strips effectively controlled emerging weeds. The most effective was maize straw (8 cm thick) that provided 9454% control. The black plastic film placed on ridges,providing up to 91.91% weed control,was significantly more effective than the white plastic film. Therefore,the management strategy of combining black plastic film mulching on ridge and maize straw mulching can greatly control weed density and provide effective ecologically-based weed control in C. morifolium ‘Jinsihuangju’ fields.
Key words:Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Jinsihuangju’;weed control;straw mulching;plastic film mulching;weed control effect
菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)属于菊科多年生草本植物,有较高的食用及保健等价值[1]。金丝皇菊(C. morifolium ‘Jinsihuangju’)作为茶饮,具有疏散风热、清肝养目、润喉解酒、平抑肝阳等作用,富含氨基酸、黄酮、微量元素等,具有丰富的营养价值,使得人们对其需求量大幅度增长[2]。种植金丝皇菊的经济效益也比较高,纯收入高达5 000~6 000元/667 m2,约为普通粮食作物的10倍[3-4]。然而,田间恶性杂草严重威胁金丝皇菊的安全生产与品质,使得中草药种植过程中草害防控问题日益凸显。化学除草虽有高效低成本的优势,但存在产生药害、污染中药材品质的风险,而人工除草成本逐年攀升。……