李延林 文霞 丁培华 吴宝青
摘要:为了充分利用气候资源,合理布局农牧业生产,本研究利用黄南州4个县站1961—2018年的气象资料,采用迈阿密模型和Tharnthwaite Memorial模型对当地天然草地的气候生产潜力进行估算,对主要影响因子进行相关分析,模拟不同气候背景下气候生产潜力的响应。结果表明:黄南州气候生产潜力以水热配合较好的同仁最大,水热配合最差的泽库最小,气候生产潜力南部主要受限于气温,北部主要受限于降水。当气候向暖湿变化时对黄南草地气候生产力增加有利,当气候向冷干变化时对整个黄南草地气候生产力增加极为不利。
关键词:黄南;天然草地;气候生产潜力;影响因子;变化;响应
中图分类号:P49文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas20190700117
Climatic Potential Productivity of Natural Grassland in Huangnan
Li Yanlin1, Wen Xia2, Ding Peihua1, Wu Baoqing3
(1Huangnan Meteorological Bureau, Tongren 811399, Qinghai, China;2Haixi Meteorological Bureau, Delingha 817000, Qinghai, China;3Zeku Meteorological Bureau, Zeku 811400, Qinghai, China)
Abstract: The paper aims to make full use of climate resources and rationally arrange the agricultural and animal husbandry production. Based on the meteorological data of 4 counties and stations in Huangnan Prefecture from 1961 to 2018, we estimated the climatic potential productivity of local natural grassland by Miami model and Tharnthwaite Memorial model, analyzed the main influencing factors and simulated the response of climatic potential productivity under different climate backgrounds. The results show that: Tongren with better water-heat coordination is the area with the greatest climate potential productivity in Huangnan Prefecture, the smallest climate potential productivity is in Zeku with the worst water-heat coordination, the climate potential productivity is mainly limited by temperature in southern Huangnan and precipitation in northern Huangnan. When the climate changes to warm and wet, it is advantageous to increase the climatic productivity of grassland in Huangnan; when the climate changes to cold and dry, it is extremely disadvantageous to increase the climatic productivity of grassland in Huangnan.
Keywords: Huangnan; Natural Grassland; Climatic Potential Productivity; Influencing Factors; Change; Response
0引言
黄南藏族自治州地处青海东南部,黄河第一弯右侧(见图1),地势北低南高,自北向南有尖扎、同仁、泽库、河南4县,全州总面积为18770.5 km2,其中可利用草原面积163.64万hm2,耕地面积2.01万hm2。自治州南部的泽库、河南两县属于青南牧区,海拔大多在3200~3900 m之间,是自治州发展畜牧业的主要基地,两县可利用草原面积共121.87万hm2,牧场地域辽阔,水草丰美,气候适宜,畜牧业是两县的支柱产业。自治州北部的尖扎、同仁两县,海拔大多在2000~ 3300 m之间,黄河—隆务河谷地主要是种植业,山区林草交错,有大量适宜放牧草地区域。

气候生产潜力是指高光合效能的作物,在适宜的土壤肥力有适宜的作物群体条件下,充分利用太阳能、熱量资源以及水资源而获得的单位面积上的有机物总量或经济产量[1]。……