生物炭与水分调控对烤烟光合特性的影响

符昌武 王祖富 宋家庆 侯翔文 覃潇 戴曦 袁谋智 姚旺

摘要：为探索施用生物炭后不同水分调控措施对烤烟光合特性的影响，通过田间试验研究不同生育期烤烟光合特性的变化及其关联关系、相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）、经济性状。研究表明，施加生物炭后不同水分调控处理提高了各生育期烤烟净光合速率（Pn），以旺长期最强，团棵期次之，成熟期较弱；Pn与生理生态因子呈显著相关；施加生物炭后进行水分调控处理的Pn主要受气孔导度影响，不施生物炭和不灌溉水分处理（CK）的Pn主要受到蒸腾作用影响；烤烟SPAD值、产量和产值呈显著差异，以施加生物炭后每5天灌溉300 mL/株处理最高、CK最低，达显著差异（P<0.05）。施用生物炭后进行水分调控可促进烟叶光合作用，以施加生物炭后每5天灌溉300 mL/株处理的光合能力最强。

关键词：生物炭；水分调控；烤烟；光合特性；通径分析

中图分类号：S572文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2020-0122

Effects of Biological Carbon and Water Regulation on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco

Fu Changwu1， Wang Zufu1， Song Jiaqing2， Hou Xiangwen1， Qin Xiao1， Dai Xi1， Yuan Mouzhi1， Yao Wang1

（1Sangzhi Branch Company of Zhangjiajie Tobacco Company， Zhangjiajie 427100， Hunan， China； 2Zhangjiajie Tobacco Company， Zhangjiajie 427000， Hunan， China）

Abstract： To explore the effects of different water regulation measures on photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco after the application of biochar， field experiments were conducted to study the changes of photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco at different growth stages and their correlation， relative chlorophyll content （SPAD） and economic traits. The results showed that after the application of biochar， different water regulation treatments increased the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of flue- cured tobacco at different growth stages， with the strongest in the vigorous growing stage， followed by the spherical plant stage， and the mature period was relatively weak. Pn was significantly related to physiological and ecological factors. After applying biochar， the Pn of water regulation treatment was mainly affected by stomatal conductance， and the Pn of non-biochar and non-irrigated water treatment （CK） was mainly affected by transpiration. The SPAD value， yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco showed significant differences， and those of the irrigation water of 300 mL/plant every 5 days after the application of biochar were the highest and of CK were the lowest， reaching a significant difference （P<0.05）. Therefore， the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco leaves could be promoted by water regulation after biochar application， and the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco leaves is the strongest under irrigation of 300 mL/plant every 5 days after biochar application.

Keywords： Biochar； Water Regulation； Flue-cured Tobacco； Photosynthetic Characteristics； Path Analysis

0引言

烤煙是重要的经济作物，其主要以烟叶为收获目标[1]，光合作用是影响烟叶质量优劣的关键环节，对烤烟生长发育和生理代谢过程起重要作用[2]，因此研究烤烟光合作用具有重要意义。生物炭是植物在缺氧条件下经高温裂解的产物[3]，具有原料来源广、碳含量高、吸附能力强等特点[4-7]。国内外研究表明，生物炭能保留土壤养分[8]，降低土壤容重[9]，增加土壤持水性[10]，改善土壤的理化性质[11]。近年来，生物炭在农业生态系统的应用受到广泛关注，在改良土壤性能[12]、修复土壤重金属[13]、提高土壤pH[14]等方面都有着一定的应用空间。……