安徽省小麦区试品种产量与产量构成因素的相关分析

马庆 张玉坤 刘兴舟 王勖 杨杰

摘要：揭示安徽省淮北地区产量构成因素对产量的影响，为小麦高产品种选育和大田生产提供参考依据。对2014—2019年度参加安徽省小麦区试半冬性组的284个品种产量与产量构成因素进行相关分析，结果显示，产量的变异系数最大，产量构成因素的变异系数由大到小为穗粒数、穗数、千粒重；相关性分析表明，产量构成因素与产量均呈极显著正相关，相关程度由强到弱为穗粒数、千粒重、穗数；通径分析结果显示，产量构成因素对产量的直接贡献都比較大，贡献由大到小为穗粒数、穗数、千粒重；产量构成三因素均与产量呈极显著二次曲线关系，且在适宜范围内有利于产量的提高。根据分析结果和安徽淮北地区的生态条件，在合理控制穗数群体的基础上，增加穗粒数、稳定提高千粒重是获得小麦高产的关键。在产量水平9000 kg/hm2以上的高产育种和大田生产中，目前最佳的产量因素构成为：穗数600万～ 675万穗/hm2，穗粒数35粒以上，千粒重41～47 g。

关键词：小麦；产量；产量构成因素；相关分析；穗粒数

中图分类号：S512.1文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20191200320

Correlation Between Yield and Its Components of Wheat Varieties in Regional Trials of Anhui

Ma Qing， Zhang Yukun， Liu Xingzhou， Wang Xu， Yang Jie

（Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Suzhou 234000， Anhui， China）

Abstract： The paper aims to reveal the influence of yield components on yield in Huaibei area of Anhui Province and provide reference for high-yield wheat breeding and field production. The correlations between yield and yield components of 284 wheat varieties in Anhui Provincial regional trial of semi-winter group from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed. The results showed that the yield variation coefficient was the largest and the variation coefficient of yield components followed the order of grains per spike> spikes> 1000-grain weight. Correlation analysis showed that wheat yield had an extremely significant and positive correlation with yield components， and the correlation degree was grains per spike> 1000-grain weight> spikes. The path analysis showed that the direct contribution of the yield components to yield was large， following an order of grains per spike> spikes> 1000- grain weight. The three yield components which had an extremely significant conic relation with yield were beneficial to the yield increase in an appropriate range. According to the analysis results and the ecological conditions in Huaibei area， increasing the number of grains per spike and steadily improving 1000-grain weight are the keys to high yield of wheat on the basis of proper controlling the number of spikes. In the high-yield breeding and field production with wheat yield more than 9000 kg/hm2， the best yield components should be 6000000 spikes/hm2to 6750000 spikes/hm2， more than 35 grains per spike and the 1000-grain weight from 41 g to 47 g.

Keywords： Wheat； Yield； Yield Components； Correlation Analysis； Grains per Spike

0引言

安徽省淮北地区地处黄淮平原，拥有丰富的光、温、水资源，土地肥沃[1]，属于黄淮南片冬小麦生态区。常年小麦种植面积167万hm2以上，占全省小麦种植面积的70%左右[2-3]，是安徽省重要的商品粮种植基地和储存基地，一定程度上保障着全省人口的粮食安全[4]。近年来随着人口增长、人均耕地面积不断减少以及极端天气的时常出现，粮食供给面临着严峻考验[5]，持续提高小麦单产潜力是保障小麦产量稳定增长和国家粮食安全的有效途径。……