突发公共卫生事件中的互联网公众反应

张宁 李华 李培植 沈洪洲 袁勤俭

摘 要：[目的/意义]新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发作为近期的一件重大突发公共卫生事件，引发了公众在社会化问答平台上的激烈讨论。[方法/过程]本研究采用Python获取知乎平台上与新型冠状病毒肺炎话题相关的文本内容，运用多维尺度分析、内容分析和情绪分析等方法，揭示公众所关心的疫情主题内容，分析不同时期公众关注点的转移情况以及回答文本中的情绪极性。[结果/结论]研究结果表明公众关心的主题集中在两个维度的6个类别上;公众的关注内容主要集中在“疫情动态关注”和“防控与疫情传播”两方面，其中第一阶段主要关注国内地区，而第二阶段关注重心转移到国外地区;两阶段的回答中情绪极性均以中立为主，积极情绪的问答占比最低，第二阶段相比第一阶段的变化表明公众情绪的整体走向积极。基于研究结果，针对互联网公众的信息关注和社会情绪变化，向有关部门提供参考和建议，进而丰富了突发公共卫生事件背景下的舆情相关研究。

关键词：突发公共卫生事件;多維尺度分析;内容分析;公众反应;情绪极性;新冠肺炎

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2021.02.008

〔中图分类号〕G252.0 〔文献标识码〕A 〔文章编号〕1008-0821（2021）02-0078-11

Abstract：[Purpose/Significance]The outbreak of the COVID-19，as a major public health emergency in the recent past，has sparked intense public discussion on the social question and answer platform.[Method/Process]This study used Python to obtain text content related to the topic of COVID-19 on the platform，using multi-dimensional scale analysis，content analysis and sentiment analysis to reveal the epidemic theme content of public concern and analyze the shift of public attention in different periods and emotional polarity in the answer text.[Results/Conclusions]The results showed that the topics of public concern were concentrated in 6 categories in two dimensions.The public's concerns were mainly concentrated in two aspects：“dynamic attention to epidemic situation”and“prevention control & epidemic transmission”，of which the focus of the first stage was mainly on domestic areas，while the focus of the second phase was shifted to foreign areas.The polarity of sentiment in the answers of the two phases was mainly neutral，and the proportion of positive emotions was the lowest.The changes in the second phase compared to the first phase indicated that the overall public sentiment was positive.Based on the results of the research，we provided references and suggestions to the relevant departments for the Internet public response and social mood changes，thereby enriching the research on the Internet public response in the context of public health emergencies.

Key words：public health emergencies;multidimensional scale analysis;content analysis;public response;emotional polarity;COVID-19

新型冠状病毒肺炎这一重大突发公共卫生事件的爆发引起了广大公众的关注，并在社会化问答平台上展开激烈讨论。公众不仅能通过社会化问答平台获取健康信息，还能在平台上获取情感支持和共鸣。因此，社会化问答平台为研究提供了大量与健康信息相关的内容，诸多学者从内容主题、答案偏好等方面进行了广泛研究[1-2]，为相关部门提出有针对性的应对措施提供了理论基础。……