高原夏菜秸秆栽培平菇的培养基配方研究

李德政 韦体 杨东燃 潘峰 辛忠望 郭鹏辉

摘 要：采集高原夏菜玉米、花菜、辣椒和包菜的秸稈栽培平菇，采用正交法设置单因素三水平在恒温培养箱内培育15～20d，对使用高原夏菜秸秆栽培平菇的培养基配方进行研究。结果表明：试验组I（玉米秸秆）平均培育平菇（16.6±1）d成熟、生物学效率21.73%、子实体平均粗纤维含量5.21%、粗脂肪含量3.25%、粗蛋白含量6.08%;试验组II（花菜秸秆）培育平菇（18.6±2）d成熟、生物学效率为16.16%、子实体平均粗纤维含量4.39%、粗脂肪含量2.86%、粗蛋白含量6.61%;试验组III（辣椒秸秆）培育（16.6±1）d成熟、生物学效13.94%、子实体平均粗纤维含量3.17%、粗脂肪含量3.12%、粗蛋白含量为5.09%;试验组IV（包菜秸秆）培育（15.6±1）d成熟、生物学效率20.61%、子实体平均粗纤维含量6.35%、粗脂肪含量2.17%、粗蛋白含量4.82%。需要培育时间最短的，选择包菜秸秆培育最优;需要经济效益最高的，选择玉米秸秆培育最优;需要营养价值最高，选择玉米秸秆培育最优。

关键词：平菇;高原夏菜秸秆;生物学效率

中图分类号 S66文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）01-0030-03

Study on the Formula Selection of Oyster Mushroom Culture Medium with Summer Vegetable Stalk in Plateau

LI Dezheng et al

（College of Life Science and Engineering， Northwest University for Nationalities， Lanzhou 730000， China）

Abstract： The selection of oyster mushroom culture medium with plateau summer vegetable straw was studied， and the oyster mushroom culture was cultivated with plateau summer vegetable straw， corn straw， cauliflower straw， pepper straw and cabbage straw were collected. The orthogonal method was used to set the single-factor three-level incubation in a constant temperature incubator for 15 ～ 20 days. Experimental results：The experimental group I（corn stalk） cultivated oyster mushroom with an average maturity of （16.6±1）d， a biological efficiency of 21.73%， an average crude fiber content of 5.21%， a crude fat content of 3.25%， and a crude protein content of 6.08% were measured. In the experimental group II （cauliflower straw）， pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated at （18.6±2）D maturity， with a biological efficiency of 16.16%， an average crude fiber content of 4.39%， a crude fat content of 2.86%， and a crude protein content of 6.61%. In the experimental group III（pepper straw）， the incubation period was （16.6±1）D， the biological efficiency was 13.94%， the average crude fiber content was 3.17%， the crude fat content was 3.12%， and the crude protein content was 5.09%. In the experimental group IV （cabbage straw）， the incubation time was（15.6±1）d， the biological efficiency was 20.61%， the average crude fiber content was 6.35%， the crude fat content was 2.17%， and the crude protein content was 4.82%. The cultivation time should be the shortest， and the cultivation of cabbage straw should be the best. The economic benefit should be the highest and the corn stalk should be the best. It needs the highest nutritional value and chooses the best corn stalk for cultivation.

Key words： Oyster mushroom; Summer straw; Biological efficiency

平菇（Pleurotus ostreatus）又名凤尾菇、黑牡丹菇、侧耳、糙皮侧耳、蚝菇等，现已广泛栽培于世界各地。平菇属真菌门、担子菌亚门、伞菌目、白蘑科、侧耳属，按其子实体色泽，可分为深色、浅色以及乳白色3个类型;按出菇温度，可将其分为低温、中低温、中广温以及广温种4个类型[1]。

在传统的耕种模式中，农户将作物采集之后就将秸秆丢弃在路边或者就地焚烧，既造成了环境污染，也造成了资源的极大浪费。农作物秸秆富含微生物生长所需的营养物质，可用于培育平菇[2]。……