微藻絮凝采收技术研究进展

薛溪发 张红兵 曹豪豪 秦路桥

摘 要：当前，能源危机和环境污染的双重压力严重制约着经济发展，开发清洁可再生型生物燃料显得尤为重要。微藻具有易繁殖、富含脂质、不与农作物争地等特点，被认为是极具前景的生物燃料，但微藻采收的高成本是藻类工业化的主要瓶颈。絮凝法是收获微藻生物质高效和优选的方法。该文简述了目前已使用的一些微藻絮凝采收方法，比较了化学絮凝、生物絮凝和物理絮凝等方法的收获效率、能耗及技术可行性，分析了各种方法的絮凝机理和影响因素，旨在为选择适宜的微藻采收方法提供参考。

关键词：微藻;生物燃料;采收;絮凝

中图分类号 X50文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）01-0033-05

Progress in Flocculation Harvesting of Microalgae

XUE Xifa1 et al.

（1College of Biological Science and Engineering， Hebei University of Economics and Business， Shijiazhuang 050061， China）

Abstract： Currently， the development of economy is seriously restricted by the dual pressure of energy crisis and environmental pollution， it is particularly important to develop clean and renewable biofuels.Microalgae is considered to be promising biofuels due to its easy reproduction， fat - rich， and non-competition with crops and so on.However， the high cost associated with microalgae harvesting is a major bottleneck for commercialization of algae-based industrial products.Hence， microalgae harvesting is recognized as an area that needs to be explored and developed.Additionally， flocculation is an efficient and optimal method for harvesting microalgae biomass.This article aims to collate and present an overview of current harvesting strategies such as physical， chemical， biological，methods along with their future prospects.This review also analyzes their flocculation mechanism and influencing factors.In contrast， the use of natural polymer organic flocculants has received more attention， and future research should focus on assessing the economic feasibility on an industrial scale.This review intends to provide guidance for the high-efficiency and low-cost flocculation  recovery technologies in the biofuel industry.

Key words： Microalgae; Biofuel; Harvesting; Flocculation

目前，人类生活所需的能源仍以传统不可再生型化石能源为主，污染严重。常用甘蔗、大豆、油菜籽、玉米、橄榄、非食用麻风树等农作物制备生物燃料，不仅占用耕地多，还可能引发粮食安全风险。因此，微藻作为新能源的来源备受关注。

微藻作为单细胞生物，不仅可以自养固定二氧化碳，也可异养利用并处理生活污水中的有机污染物;同时，微藻生长不占耕地，无需农药，环境友好，真正实现了生物燃料生产与环境污染治理的和谐统一。但是微藻悬浮于水中，收获难度较大，成本居高不下。近年来，研究人员一方面通过过程工程策略、新颖的光生物反应器、优势工程菌株筛选和构建等方式提高微藻产率，另一方面开发低成本、高效率、无污染的收获方式，降低采收成本。……