水氮耦合对河套灌区春小麦干物质积累与运转的影响

杨旸 王鑫 王海伟 刘双禄 王海燕

摘 要：以永良4号为试验材料，研究不同灌水施氮量下春小麦干物质积累与运转特点，探讨适合河套灌区春小麦种植的水肥管理模式。结果表明，小麦的干物质积累以成熟期的W2N2最高，达到27540.8kg/hm2。W1水平下所有处理的干物质积累率较慢，W2水平下N2干物质积累率明显高于其他处理。花前同化产物转运量、转运效率、贡献率及花后同化物贡献率均以W2N2最高，分别达到0.69g·stem-1、26.97%、35.93%、77.89%，而花后同化物积累量在不同处理间差异并不明显;说明W2N2是适合当地小麦生产的灌水施肥模式。

关键词：河套灌区;水氮耦合;春小麦;干物质积累;干物质转运

中图分类号 S512.1+2文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）01-0037-03

Effect of Water-nitrogen Coupling on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation of Spring Wheat in Hetao Irrigation District

YANG Yang et al.

（Agriculture Department， Hetao College，Bayannur， Bayannaoer 015000， China）

Abstract： In order to provide a basis for reasonable water and fertilizer management in spring wheat planting inHetao Irrigation District， the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and translocation of spring wheat under different irrigation and nitrogen rates are studied using Yongliang No. 4 as the test material. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of wheat is highest in the mature stage of W2N2， reaching 27540.8 kg/hm2. The dry matter accumulation rates of all treatments are slower at W1 level， and the N2 dry matter accumulation rate at W2 level is significantly higher than those of other treatments. The pre-anthesis translocation capacity， translocation efficiency， contribution rate and post-anthesis assimilation contribution rate are the highest in W2N2， reaching 0.69 g.stem-1， 26.97%， 35.93% and 77.89% respectively， while there is no significant difference in post-anthesis assimilate accumulationbetween different treatments. Therefore， W2N2 is recommended as an irrigation and fertilizer model suitable for local wheat production.

Key words： Hetao irrigation area; Water-nitrogen coupling; Spring wheat; Dry matter accumulation;Drymatter transloration

內蒙古河套灌区属于干旱地区，降雨量少，蒸发强烈，黄河水灌溉补给是维持农业可持续发展的重要途径。春小麦是该区域主要的粮食作物之一，产量约占全自治区小麦总产量的25%[1]。水分和氮肥是影响小麦生长的2个重要因子，水分不足会限制氮肥肥效的正常发挥，水分过多则可导致氮肥淋溶损失，氮肥过量或不足则会影响作物的水分利用率[2，3]。由于河套灌区长期形成了大水漫灌的习惯，加上近几年氮肥的过量施用，造成NO3-N淋失，导致大量氮肥损失，引起环境污染等问题[4，5]。因此，如何使农业灌溉与施肥更合理是河套灌区农业生产中面临的主要问题之一。为此，本试验以河套灌区春小麦为研究对象，探究水氮耦合对小麦不同生育期物质积累分配与运转规律的影响，旨在为发挥水肥协同作用、确定能提高利用效率的水氮耦合模式提供理论依据。……