椒参轮作缓解土壤酸化的效应

魏丹 赵立 蒋静怡 贺潇宇 庞文生 胡娟

摘 要：目的：比较太子参与辣椒轮作前后土壤pH值和酚酸类物质的变化，探讨椒参轮作对土壤酸化的影响。方法：将风干的土壤样品与去除CO2的超纯水按2∶5的比例混合均匀，检测pH值;碱提酸沉后采用乙酸乙酯萃取法提取土壤样品中酚酸类物质，高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定酚酸类物质指纹图谱。结果：太子参连作后，土壤pH值降低，酚酸类物质增加;与辣椒轮作后，土壤pH值相对提高，且酚酸类物质减少。结论：椒参轮作对太子参种植土壤酸化有一定的改善作用。

关键词：太子参;轮作;酚酸;土壤酸化

中图分类号 S156.6文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）01-0127-04

The Effect of Rotation of Pepper and Pseudostellaria heterophylla on Reduces Soil Acidification

WEI Dan1 et al.

（1Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Fuzhou 350122， China）

Abstract： Objective： To compare the changes of soil pH and phenolic acids before and after the rotation of pepper and Pseudostellaria heterophylla， and to explore the effect of pepper and Pseudostellaria heterophylla on soil acidification. Method： Air-dried soil samples and ultrapure water with CO2 removed at a ratio of 2∶5 to be evenly mixed， and the pH value was measured; After alkaline extraction and acid precipitation， the phenolic acids in the soil samples were extracted by ethyl acetate extraction method， high performance liquid chromatography method （HPLC） to determine the fingerprint of phenolic acids. Results： After continuous cropping of Pseudostellaria heterophylla， the soil pH decreased and the phenolic acids increased. Compared with the rotation of pepper and Pseudostellaria heterophylla， the soil pH increased relatively， and the phenolic acids decreased. Conclusion： The rotation of pepper and Pseudostellaria heterophylla has a certain improvement effect on soil acidification after planting Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

Key words： Pseudostellaria heterophylla; Rotation; Phenolic acid; Soil acidification

太子参系石竹科植物孩儿参[Pseudostellaria heterophylla（ Miq.） Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.]的干燥块根，为益气健脾、生津润肺的补虚药[1]。作为福建道地药材之一，太子参在宁德柘荣县广泛种植，是柘荣县农户的主要收入来源。但太子参长期种植会导致严重的连作障碍，植株生长发育不良，地下部分不能正常膨大。连作障碍不仅损害了当地农户的经济利益，也对中药用药安全产生了不良影响[2]。

太子参连作障碍的主要原因有土壤酸化、土壤中化感自毒物质的富集、土壤微生物群落结构的改变等。土壤酸化会导致土壤中营养物质比例失衡[3]，重金属元素超标，破坏根部细胞，影响作物对营养元素的吸收，导致作物产量和品质严重降低。土壤pH值和酚酸含量具有重要的负反馈机制，酸性环境利于酚酸类物质的富集，同时酚酸类含量的增加导致土壤pH值下降[4]。……