中国马拉松等级赛事空间分布特征及其驱动因素

肖年乐 周道平 李琼

摘 要：馬拉松等级赛事代表国内马拉松赛事的最高水平，其科学合理的空间布局对促进中国马拉松赛事高质量发展具有重要意义。以中国田径协会2020年评定的272场马拉松等级赛事为研究对象，运用最邻近指数、地理集中指数、核密度分析等方法探析中国马拉松等级赛事空间分布特征及其驱动因素。研究表明：中国马拉松等级赛事呈“东部多、西部少”和“沿路、环城、近景”的总体格局特征;中国马拉松等级赛事主要分布在“胡焕庸线”东南侧、北亚热带、地形起伏度0～93 m、海拔700 m以下的地区，形成“三核两带”显著的集聚分布特征;中国马拉松等级赛事分城市群依托型赛事和政策依托型赛事2种发展模式，城市群依托型赛事主要分布在高密度核心区和经济发达的城市群;政策依托型赛事主要分布在次密度核心区、微密度核心区和中西部地区;政策环境、经济基础、社会发展、资源禀赋是中国马拉松等级赛事空间分布特征的主要驱动因素。最后，从尊重规律、赛事特色、政策导向等方面提出优化中国马拉松等级赛事空间布局及开发的建议。

关键词：马拉松等级赛事;空间分布特征;马拉松金牌赛事;核密度分析法

中图分类号：G80-052   文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-2076（2021）05-0010-10

Spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of marathon grade events in China

XIAO Nianle1，ZHOU Daoping1，LI Qiong2，3

1.School of Sports Science， Jishou University， Jishou 416000， Hunan， China; 2. Business School，

Jishou University， Jishou 416000， Hunan， China; 3. Jishou University Academician Workstation， Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research， CAS， Jishou 416000， Hunan，

China

Abstract：Marathon grade events represent the highest level of marathon events in China， and their scientific and reasonable spatial layout is of great significance to promote the high-quality development of Marathon events in China. The spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of 272 marathon graded events in China in 2020 were analyzed by using the methods of nearest proximity index， geographic concentration index and kernel density analysis. The results show that the overall pattern of marathon grade events in China is “more in the east and less in the west” and “along the road， around the city and near view”. Chinese marathon grade events are mainly distributed in the southeast of “Hu Huanyong line”， in the north subtropical region， in areas with terrain relief of 0～93 m and altitude below 700 m， forming a significant agglomeration distribution characteristic of "three cores and two zones". Marathon grade events in China can be divided into two development modes： urban agglomeration-dependent events and policy-dependent events. Urban agglomeration-dependent events are mainly distributed in high-density core areas and economically developed urban agglomerations; and policy-dependent events are mainly distributed in the sub-density core area， micro-density core area and central and western regions. Policy environment， economic foundation， social development and resource endowment are the main driving factors of spatial distribution of marathon grade events in China. Finally， suggestions are put forward to optimize the spatial layout and development of Marathon grade events in China from the aspects of respecting rules， race characteristics and policy orientation.

Key words：marathon grade events; spatial distribution characteristics; marathon gold events; kernel density analysis

随着全民健身上升为国家战略，马拉松因其参与便利、社交性强等特点深受群众喜爱，正逐渐成为我国居民体育锻炼的新热点。同时，在全民健身战略背景下，马拉松赛事早已从单纯的竞技比赛演化为助推建设健康中国和发展体育产业的重要平台，与全民健身、体育产业、城市形象、全域旅游等方面有着密切的联系[1]。……