南充市蔬菜保护地栽培现状及应用前景分析

雍磊 蒲全明 何自涵 杨鹏 林邦民 方芳 王梅 向承勇

摘    要： 南充是四川省第二大蔬菜主产区，深度了解当地蔬菜保护地的栽培现状，提供相应的改善性建议，对促进该区域蔬菜生产可持续发展具有重要意义。笔者调研分析了南充市各区县蔬菜保护地栽培的现状，结果显示：栽培设施主要有塑料小中棚、塑料大棚、连栋温室及日光温室，塑料棚面积高达设施总面积的99%;设施数量及面积在各区县具有显著差异;蔬菜种类以茄果类、瓜类、豆类为主;生产组织模式为农业企业、专业合作社、种植户为主。总结了当前南充蔬菜保护地栽培存在的问题，简要分析应用前景并提出了增加机械化程度、打造地方特色蔬菜、控制化肥农药使用量等对策与建议。

关键词： 蔬菜; 南充; 保护地栽培; 现状; 应用前景

中图分类号： S626 文献标志码： B 文章编号： 1673-2871（2021）01-090-06

Analysis of current situation and application prospect on vegetable protected cultivation in Nanchong city

YONG Lei， PU Quanming， HE Zihan， YANG Peng， LIN Bangmin， FANG Fang， WANG Mei， XIANG Chengyong

（Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences ， Nanchong 637000， Sichuan， China）

Abstract： Nanchong is the second largest vegetable producing areas in Sichuan province. In order to promote the sustainable development of vegetable production in this area， it is of great significance to deeply understand the cultivation status of local vegetable conservation areas and provide corresponding improvement suggestions. The present situation of vegetable cultivation in every district and county of Nanchong city was investigated and analyzed in this research. The results showed that the cultivation facilities were mainly plastic small shed， plastic shed， continuous greenhouse and solar greenhouse， the area of plastic shed accounts for over 99% of the total. The number and area of the facilities were significantly different among each district and county. The main types of vegetables were nightshade vegetables， melons and beans. The modes of production organization were agricultural enterprises， professional cooperatives and growers. The current problems of vegetable cultivation in Nanchong were summarized， the application prospects was briefly analyzed， some suggestions were made， such as increasing the degree of mechanization， creating local characteristic vegetables， and controlling the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Key words： Vegetable; Nanchong; Protected cultivation; Present situation; Application prospect

蔬菜作為农业的重要分支，对我国农业产业发展及经济增长具有重要作用。随着国民经济收入和生活水平的日益提高，消费市场对新鲜蔬菜的需求逐渐扩大，蔬菜的种植面积与产量逐年增加[1-2]。蔬菜保护地栽培，也称设施栽培，通过各种设施与技术创造适宜蔬菜生产的环境因子，突破外界不利环境对蔬菜栽培的限制，能够充分实现各类蔬菜的周年供应，满足消费市场对新鲜蔬菜数量、种类及品质等的需求[3-4]。近些年，我国不断提升现代农业的建设力度，促进蔬菜保护地栽培的高速发展，使得设施蔬菜生产规模逐年扩大。……