井冈山溪流鱼类资源调查及区系分析

程建丽 龙婉婉 胡文杰 柳正葳

摘要 2016年3月至2018年12月，对江西井冈山境内鱼类资源进行了本底调查，共采集鱼类样本1 062尾，经鉴定有鱼类39种，隶属4目12科32属。其中，鲤形目种类最多，24种，占此次调查井冈山鱼类物种总数的61.5%，以鲤形目鲤科的泥鳅、侧条光唇鱼和鲫鱼在区域内分布最广，在井冈山主要溪流均有分布。鱼类群落以山区溪流小型鱼类为主，其中杂食性鱼类最多，占总种数的51.3%;其次是动食性鱼类，占总种数的48.7%，此次未捕获植食性和滤食性鱼类。从区系分析结果看，井冈山地区鱼类种类分为5个区系复合体，南方平原鱼类区系复合体和江河平原区系复合体种类较多，分别占此次调查鱼类总种数的46.2%和30.8%;其次是晚第三纪早期区系复合体，占此次调查鱼类总种数的12.8%，南方山地和北方山地区系复合体较少，分别占此次调查鱼类总种数的5.1%和2.6%。与以前研究结果相比，此次调查新记录鱼类17种;同时，有15种鱼类在此次调查中未采集到。

关键词 井冈山;溪流;鱼类资源;种类组成

中图分类号 S932.4 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0073-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.019

Abstract A background survey of fish resources in Jinggang Mountain was conducted from March，2016 to December，2018.And 1 062 fish specimen were collected，and 39 species that belonged to 4 orders，12 families and 32 genera had been identified.Cypriniformes contained 24 species，which accounted for 61.5% of the total fish species.Misgurnus anguillicaudatus，Acrossocheilus parallens and Cyprinus carpio，belonging to Cyprinidae family，Cypriniformes order，were the most widely distributed species，and distributed from almost all the sampling sites in this study.Small-sized fish in mountainous stream took a large proportion of the total fish collected.Among them， omnivorous fishes was the most abundant，accounting for 51.3%;Zoophagous fishes was the second，accounting for 48.7%.No phytophagous and filter feeding fishes were caught in this survey.According to the fauna analysis，the fish species in Jinggang Mountain region could be divided into five fauna complexes.There were more species in the southern plain fish fauna complex and the river plain fauna complex，accounting for 46.2% and 30.8% of the total species respectively，followed by the early Neogene fauna complex（accounting for 12.8%），and the southern mountainous area and the northern mountainous area fauna complexes were the least，accounting for 5.1% and 2.6% respectively.Compared with the previous researches，17 species of fishes were newly recorded in this survey，and 15 species of fishes were not collected.

Key words Jinggang Mountain;Stream;Fish resources;Species composition

井岡山地处江西省西南部，湘赣两省交界的罗霄山脉中段，总面积为1 308.58 km2，地理位置为113°49′～114°23′E，26°27′～26°49′N。井冈山东西分别与鄱阳湖平原和洞庭湖平原相依，是长江中游鄱阳湖流域与洞庭湖流域的分界性山脉。井冈山地区属中亚热带湿润季风气候区，水热条件充沛，是亚洲东部生物多样性高丰度区，也是地球上同纬度最丰富的生物区分地之一[1]。该区域内设有国家……