周振标 吴洪基 郑静君



摘要 通过室内饲养观察,对梭形毛绥螨的生物学特性进行了研究,结果表明,梭形毛绥螨各活动螨态均喜捕食水稻斯氏狭跗线螨,世代历期短,在26 ℃适温条件下,7~8 d即可完成一个世代;该螨有自相残杀的习性;室内单个体饲养情况下,可通过产雌孤雌生殖的方式繁殖后代;繁殖力强,单雌产卵量可达57粒,高峰时每天可产卵8粒,在广州一年繁殖30代左右,无越冬和越夏现象。
关键词 梭形毛绥螨;生物学特性
中图分类号 Q968.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)01-0119-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.031
Abstract By artificial feeding and observation in the laboratory, the biological characteristics of L. scapulatus were studied. The results were as follows: Each active state of L. scapulatus preyed on the tarsonemid mite Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley. Short generation period was found in L. scapulatus, which could complete a generation in 7-8 d under the condition of 26 ℃. Individuals of L. scapulatus had internecine habit. Under the laboratory condition, L. scapulatus could be parthenogenesis reproduction and only produce female offsprings. The mite had a strong reproductive capacity, with a maximum of 57 eggs laid by a single female, and 8 eggs laid every day at its reproductive peak. L. scapulatus can breed for 30 generations a year in Guangzhou without wintering and summering phenomenon.
Key words Lasioseius scapulatus Kennett;Biological characteristics
水稻斯氏狭跗线螨是水稻的重要害螨,近年来在华南稻区有不同程度发生[1-3],防治方法主要有选育抗螨水稻品种、化学防治和生物防治等[4-6]。目前抗螨水稻品种的选育与推广仍存在较大困难,化学防治方面,国内尚无药剂在水稻跗线螨上登记使用,因此当田间该螨大发生时,农户往往只能用其他常规药剂进行兼治,另外水稻跗线螨主要集中在水稻叶鞘内侧和稻谷颖壳内为害,隐蔽性强,导致化学防治效果不佳。
稻田捕食螨种类丰富,捕食螨与水稻跗线螨有相同的栖息环境,能够跟踪到水稻叶鞘内侧捕食跗线螨,是一种很有效的生物防治方式。据报道,台湾毛绥螨(Lasioseius parberles Tseng)为台湾地区斯氏狭跗线螨的主要天敌,对斯氏狭跗线螨有较好的控制作用[7]。吴伟南等[8]记述我国南方水稻上的捕食性螨类有10种之多,其中鳞纹钝绥螨和昌德里棘螨是控制水稻害螨的有效种类。张艳璇等[9]发现昌德里棘螨(Gnorimu chaudhrii Wu et Wang)是福州地区水稻跗线螨的天敌优势种。……