配施有机肥对红颜草莓品质及风味的影响

李春燕 张明 王道平 王若焱 郑明强 梁光焰 胡恩明

摘要 以红颜草莓冷藏苗为试材，研究草莓大棚栽培中单施复合肥和配施有机肥对草莓品质及风味的影响。结果表明，按1∶1配施有机肥，在品质方面，可改善红颜草莓的不均匀性，提高红颜草莓产量，同时，红颜草莓的可溶性糖含量和VC含量分别提高7%和11%;在风味上，配施有机肥组草莓的酸类成分降低，醇类成分增高，尤其是草莓中特有的香味成分橙花叔醇和芳樟醇显著增高，说明配施有机肥后，草莓的风味表现为更加的浓郁和香甜。因此，草莓种植中配施有机肥可提高草莓的品质和风味，应成为草莓施肥的更优选择。

关键词 草莓;复合肥;有机肥;品质;风味

中图分類号 S668.4 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0135-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.036

Abstract The effects of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the flavor and quality of strawberry in greenhouse cultivation were studied with Benihoppe strawberry cold-storage seedlings as test materials.The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer at 1∶1 could improve the inhomogeneity and yield of Benihoppe strawberry. Meanwhile，the soluble sugar content and VC content of Benihoppe strawberry were increased by 7% and 11% respectively. In terms of flavor，the acid content of strawberry decreased and the alcohol content increased in the combined application of organic fertilizer，especially the specific aroma components of strawberry，Nerolidol and Linalool，increased significantly. The results showed that the flavor of strawberry was stronger and sweeter after applying organic fertilizer. Therefore，the application of organic fertilizer in strawberry cultivation can improve the quality and flavor of strawberry，and it should be a better choice for strawberry fertilization.

Key words Strawberry;Compound fertilizer;Organic fertilizer;Quality;Flavor

草莓（Fragaria ananassa Duch）属于蔷薇科蔷薇亚科草莓属，为多年生草本植物，因其味美多汁、营养价值较高常被人们誉为“果中皇后”，是一种经济价值很高的果品，深得消费者喜爱。近年来，草莓市场价格不断攀升，市场前景广阔，每年，我国草莓种植规模都在不断扩大，为提高草莓产量，30%～40%的种植户长期采用传统的增施化肥的方法，虽然增施化肥对草莓的增产效果很明显，但长期使用带来的环境污染和草莓质量下降也很严重，目前，随着现代农业的不断发展，生态环保的理念受到了越来越多的关注，农业生产中减少使用化学肥料和化学药剂，增加农家肥、生物肥料和生物制药使用，已成为草莓产业可持续发展的必然趋势，但由于肥料慢，单独使用有机肥也限制了草莓产量的增加。……