油用牡丹籽中牡丹籽油和牡丹籽粗多糖的提取分离及含量测定

靳文娟 陈田甜 陈文普 谢娟平 杜燕 王赛

摘要 以超声辅助的水酶法/水代法提取工艺为基础，利用牡丹籽油和牡丹籽粗蛋白的乳化作用和牡丹籽粗多糖的水溶性，初步分离牡丹籽油和牡丹籽粗多糖。采用冷冻解冻破乳法得到了牡丹籽油和少量牡丹籽粗蛋白;牡丹籽粗多糖的水溶液利用D101大孔树脂层析和DEAE-52纤维素柱层析联用，脱色纯化分离，得到偏中性和酸性的牡丹籽多糖。实现了牡丹籽油、牡丹籽粗多糖和少量牡丹籽粗蛋白的提取分离，并分别采用气相色谱法、苯酚硫酸法、凯氏定氮法测定了其含量。结果表明：综合提取工艺操作简单、成本低，得到的牡丹籽油亚麻酸和亚油酸的含量分别为199～216、178～182 g/kg;牡丹籽粗多糖得率为100.1～123.4 g/kg，牡丹籽粗蛋白得率为65.8～66.2 g/kg。

关键词 牡丹籽油;牡丹籽粗多糖;提取分离;含量测定

中图分类号 TS229 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0146-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.039

Abstract Used the emulsification of peony seed oil and crude protein and the water solubility of the crude polysaccharide of peony seed to preliminarily separate the crude polysaccharide and oil in the peony seed which was based on the ultrasonic assisted aqueous enzymatic/aqueous extraction process.Peony seed oil and a small amount of crude protein of peony seed were obtained by freeze-thaw demulsification method.The aqueous solution of the crude polysaccharide of peony seed was decolorized and separated by D101 macroporous resin chromatography and DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography.And then obtained the neutral and acid polysaccharide of peony seed.The extraction and separation of peony seed oil，peony seed crude polysaccharide and a small amount of peony seed crude protein were realized，and their contents were determined by gas chromatography，phenol sulfuric acid and Kjeldahl method respectively.The results showed that the comprehensive extraction process was simple and low-cost，the contents of linoleic acid and linoleic acid in peony seed oil were 199-216 g/kg crude oil and 178-182 g/kg crude oil，respectively; the yields of crude polysaccharide and crude protein were 100.1-123.4 g/kg and 65.8-66.2 g/kg，respectively.

Key words Peony seed oil;Peony seed crude polysaccharide;Extraction and separation;Content determination

油用牡丹是一种新兴的木本油料作物，在我国已广泛种植，近年来，在牡丹籽油市场需求的拉动下，油用牡丹的种植面积也在逐年扩大，牡丹主产区的种植面积有望在 5～10 年超过20万hm2[1]，而每公顷油用牡丹约可产出3 750 kg牡丹籽，高产量促进了牡丹籽综合开发利用研究。目前，牡丹籽除用于提取牡丹籽油[2-3]外，提取剩余物牡丹籽粕的加工利用也逐渐被重视，有研究报道[4]牡丹籽粕含有大量的营养物质，按含量高低依次为粗脂肪、粗蛋白、可溶性多糖、纤维、氨基酸、微量元素等。牡丹籽多糖作为一种植物多糖，具有多种生理活性，应用前景广泛[5-7]。……