不同培养基对铁皮石斛种子萌发和壮苗生根的影响

马盼 赵萌 王宝玲

摘要 以铁皮石斛种子为材料，通过组织培养技术，不添加植物生长调节剂直接得到丛生芽，并比较天然有机物、活性炭等添加物对铁皮石斛丛生芽壮苗生根的影响，优化铁皮石斛组培快繁技术体系。结果显示，铁皮石斛种子分化最佳培养基为MS+6 g/L琼脂+20 g/L蔗糖+80 g/L香蕉泥;芽苗的壯苗生根试验中，最佳培养基为1/2 MS+ 0.4 mg/L NAA+ 0.1 mg/L 6-BA+20 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂+80 g/L香蕉泥+0.5 g/L活性炭，有利于芽苗的壮苗和生根。该研究可以一次性直接得到优质铁皮石斛幼苗，减少了试验步骤，节省人工、降低成本，提高了试验效率，促进原球茎增殖、提高分化率，促进壮苗和生根，可为铁皮石斛快繁和大规模化生产提供技术支持。

关键词 铁皮石斛;培养基;种子萌发;壮苗生根;影响

中图分类号 S567 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0154-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.041

Abstract The Dendrobium candidum seeds were used as test materials to get the cluster buds directly without adding the plant growth regulator. The effect of natural organic matter and activated carbon was compared on the adventitious buds proliferation and shoots strengthening and roots induction. The results showed that the best medium for seed differentiation of Dendrobium candidum was MS+6 g/L agar +20 g/L sugar+ 80 g/L banana mud. In the rooting test of strong seedlings， the best medium was 1/2 MS+0.4 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+20 g/L sucrose +6 g/L agar +80 g/L banana mud +0.5 g/L activated carbon， which was beneficial to the strong seedling and rooting. The seedlings of high quality Dendrobium candidum can be obtained directly at one time， which reduce the experimental steps， save labor， reduce the cost， improve the efficiency of the experiment， promote the proliferation of the original bulbs， improve the rate of differentiation， and promote the strong seedling and rooting. It can provide technical support for the rapid and large-scale production of Dendrobium candidum.

Key words Dendrobium candidum;Medium;Seed germination;Strong seedling rooting;Effect

铁皮石斛（Dendrobium candidum）又名铁皮兰、黑节草，为兰科（Orchidaceae）石斛属（Dendrobium）植物，全球约有1 500种，主要分布于亚洲的热带和太平洋岛屿，既是观赏植物，又是十分重要的药用植物，是我国传统名贵药材，被列为国家重点保护药用植物之一，我国有 76 种，其中可作药用的约有 40 种，主要分布于我国广西和南方沿海各省，具有强阴益精、补肾益力、润肺止咳、明目和延年益寿的功效[1-2]。铁皮石斛的蒴果中含有几万到十几万粒种子，铁皮石斛的种子细如粉尘，没有胚乳，在自然条件下较难存活，从而导致铁皮石斛的自然繁殖率较低，难以获得实生苗，加上人们滥采乱挖和生态环境破坏，野生铁皮石斛资源已濒临灭绝[3-4]。采用铁皮石斛的种子进行无菌萌发，并通过组织培养的方法快速大量繁殖瓶苗，是解决铁皮石斛种苗供不应求的有效途径，是对铁皮石斛资源进行保护与开发利用的有效手段[5-7]。……