龙荣华 赖庆辉 陆琳 汪骞 高婷 钟秋月 高玉蓉 秦荣 沙毓沧



摘要 云南是立体气候,其土壤类型以及海拔类型多样,对蔬菜种苗机栽移栽提出较高要求,一般的农业机械移栽机很难适应。为了有利于不同类型蔬菜苗的移栽,提高蔬菜苗移栽效果,减少对种苗的移栽损伤、漏苗率,降低劳动成本,提高产值,笔者提出了农艺技术与机械进行融合,根据云南独特的气候、土壤、海拔对农艺技术等进行适当改进,机械移栽才能达到较好效果。
关键词 蔬菜;机械化移栽;高原山区;技术研究;云南
中图分类号 S23 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)01-0203-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.054
Abstract Yunnan has three-dimensional climate, with various soil types and elevation types, which put forward higher requirements for vegetable seedling machine planting and transplanting. It is hard to adapt general agricultural machinery to transplanting machine. In order to help vegetable seedling transplanting, to improve the transplanting effect of vegetable seedlings, to reduce to transplant damage and leakaging rate of seedlings, to reduce labor cost and increasing output value, we suggested that we should integrate agronomic techniques and machinery, properly improve agronomic techniques according to the unique climate, soil and altitude, so as to achieve better results on mechanical transplanting in Yunnan.
Key words Vegetables;Mechanized transplanting;Plateau mountains;Technology research;Yunnan
云南是高原山區省份,海拔高度起伏较大,平均海拔2 000 m左右。蔬菜种植机械化程度以及种植规模受地形、海拔、土壤类型等的影响较大。在云南蔬菜产业发展中,种植面积大的蔬菜种类有叶菜类、根菜类、果菜类等,如白菜、甘蓝、花椰菜、萝卜、辣椒、西葫芦等。据统计,十字花科蔬菜在云南高山冷凉蔬菜及冬早蔬菜中的比重较大,约50%。近几年,随着种植业的结构调整,云南省蔬菜的种植面积越来越大,2019年的蔬菜种植面积达119.76万hm2,总产量2 412.55万t,综合产值达到1 030.52亿元,出口118.690 7万t,创汇14.92亿美元。在蔬菜生产过程中,移栽或播种环节最费时费工,劳动成本较高,人工费约占整个生产过程投入的40%~50%,山区所占比重更大,达到了55%。随着社会的发展以及人口年龄结构的变化,蔬菜生产所需的劳动力越来越紧张,因此急需研究出适合云南高原山区蔬菜机械化移栽的方法。……