树叶复混基质理化特性研究

姚文英 彭翠兰 杨海俊 杜红斌

摘要 [目的]研发一种适合新疆南疆的价格低廉、取材方便、适宜蔬菜育苗与栽培的有机复混基质。[方法]选用南疆秋季落叶、锯末（白杨）、菇渣等有机材料以及珍珠岩等无机材料，以进口草炭作为对照，测定各单一基质的理化性质，然后再测定树叶加锯末、树叶加菇渣复混基质的理化性质，通过与蔬菜的无土育苗基质理化性质的标准（NY/T 2008—2012）进行对比，筛选出合适的有机复混基质进行番茄（改良毛粉802）育苗。[结果]单一基质（树叶、锯末、菇渣）理化性质不完全符合番茄育苗标准基质的要求，因此单一基质不适宜进行番茄育苗。随着树叶基质比例的增加，其有机复混基质的pH和EC值均增大。当树叶∶锯末=2∶1、树叶∶锯末=4∶1和树叶∶菇渣=2∶1时基质的理化性质最好。[结论]树叶和锯末、树叶和菇渣的复混比例较低时，基质的理化性质较好。

关键词 树叶;复混基质;理化性质;育苗

中图分类号 S317 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0210-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.056

Abstract [Objective]To develop a kind of organic compound substrates with low price， convenient material， suitable for vegetable seedling and cultivation in south Xinjiang. [Method]Selecting the organic materials such as falling leaves， sawdust （poplar）， mushroom residue and other inorganic materials（ such as perlite） in south Xinjiang， with imported peat as control， the physical and chemical properties of each single substrate were measured， and the physicochemical properties of leaves， sawdust and mushroom residue were determined. Through comparing the physical and chemical properties of the soilless seedling substrate of vegetables （NY/T2008-2012）， the suitable organic compound substrates was screened out for tomato seedling.[Result]The physico-chemical properties of single substrate （leaves， sawdust， mushroom residue） did not conform to the requirements of the standard substrate of tomato seedling， so single substrate was unsuitable for tomato seedling. pH value and EC value of organic compound substrates increased with the increase of the proportion of leaf substrate. When leaves∶sawdust=2∶1， leaves∶sawdust=4∶1 and leaves∶mushroom residue =2∶1， the physical and chemical properties of the substrate were the best. [Conclusion]When the mixing ratio of leaves and sawdust， leaves and mushroom residue was low， the physical and chemical properties of the substrate were better.

Key words Leaf;Compound substrates;Physico-chemical properties;Seedling

隨着我国无土栽培技术的逐步推广，蔬菜育苗在逐步向产业化道路上发展，蔬菜的无土育苗基质成为产业化道路的基础。然而，我国蔬菜无土育苗技术仍然有很大的发展空间[1]。目前，我国的育苗基质大多选用草炭和珍珠岩等材料通过复混而成，但草炭基质不仅价格成本高，而且是不可再生资源[2]。受应用成本、实用性和操作管理难度等因素的影响，目前世界上90%以上的无土栽培技术是采用基质栽培的方式[3]。基质是无土栽培与无土育苗的基础与核心，所以基质的选择与配方研究是栽培与育苗成功的关键[4]。……