谢仔新



摘 要:材料为ML40Cr的车轮轮毂螺母在装配后发现垫片断裂失效现象,通过宏观检查、断口分析、金相检测、硬度检测、化学成分分析、综合分析分析、氢含量测定等方法对垫片断裂原因进行分析。结果表明:垫片表面在挤压过程中产生的微裂纹,在酸洗、镀锌等过程中,氢沿裂纹渗入基体,由于垫片硬度要求较高,从而导致氢脆开裂并扩展。最终在装配应力作 用下发生断裂失效。
关键词:ML40Cr 轮毂螺母 断裂 硬度 氢脆
Failure Analysis of Fracture of Hub Nut Ring
Xie Zixin
Abstract:The wheel hub nut made of ml40cr was found broken after assembly. The causes of ring fracture were analyzed by macro inspection, fracture analysis, metallographic examination, hardness examination, chemical composition analysis, comprehensive analysis, hydrogen content determination and other methods. The results show that during the process of pickling and galvanizing, the hydrogen penetrates into the matrix along the cracks, which leads to the hydrogen embrittlement cracking and expansion due to the high hardness requirements of the gasket. Finally, fracture failure occurs under assembly stress.
Key words:ML40Cr, hub nut, fracture, hardness, hydrogen embrittlement
轮毂螺母在装配后发现有垫圈开裂现象。在其中部分轮毂中发现有1-2只开裂现象。该螺母和垫圈材料均为ML40Cr,该垫圈加工工艺为:原材料球化—酸洗磷皂化—拉丝—切料压扁—退火—磷皂化—冷挤压—热处理—压圈—镀锌,热处理后硬度为38-44HRC。为检查该批产品的断裂原因,以便防止后期在出现类似质量问题,笔者对断裂垫片进行检验和分析。
1 理化检查
1.1 宏观观察
实物如图1所示,材料为ML40Cr,从实物可见,垫圈存在两处开裂,为方便描述,现将两处分别标记为1#和2#。
采用体视显微镜对样品进行宏观检查,图2所示为两处断口宏观形貌,可见断面均粗糙,隐约可见放射痕迹,放射痕迹收敛于垫圈内侧凹槽处(红色虚线框标记处),因此,该处为裂纹源区。观察裂纹源区附近表面,可见存在金属堆积现象,如图3所示。
1.2 断口分析
采用扫描电子显微镜分别对1#和2#断面进行微观形貌观察,图4所示为断面低倍形貌,可见,断面均可见放射状痕迹,裂纹 源区分别位于A1区和A2区边缘,为方便描述,现将断面分为A1、B1、C1和A2、B2、C2不同区域进一步描述。……