小浪底水库调水调沙后续动力不足原因和对策

张金良 鲁俊 韦诗涛 罗秋实 万占伟

摘 要：小浪底水庫是现状黄河水沙调控体系的核心，为完善黄河水沙调控机制，需研究小浪底水库调水调沙后续动力不足的原因及增强对策。以小浪底水库调水调沙实践为基础，分析入库水沙条件和库区排沙规律、调水调沙动力不足的特征和原因;研究增强小浪底水库后续动力的要求，包括降低水位冲刷、保持有效库容、协调下游水沙关系等，需要中游水库塑造适宜的洪水过程，实现水沙有效对接、合理搭配;结合黄河水沙调控体系工程现状和规划，提出了增强调水调沙后续动力的措施，认为现状工程在增强小浪底水库调水调沙后续动力方面存在较大制约，建设古贤水库是解决小浪底水库调水调沙后续动力不足的首选措施，可使小浪底水库调水调沙后续动力得到有效补充。

关键词：小浪底水库;异重流;古贤水库;水沙调控;动力条件;黄河

中图分类号：TV213.9;TV145+.2;TV882.1文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.01.002

引用格式：张金良，鲁俊，韦诗涛，等.小浪底水库调水调沙后续动力不足原因和对策[J].人民黄河，2021，43（1）：5-9.

Causes and Countermeasures of Insufficient Follow-Up Power for

Waterand Sediment Regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir

ZHANG Jinliang， LU Jun， WEI Shitao， LUO Qiushi， WAN Zhanwei

（Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.， Ltd.， Zhengzhou 450003， China）

Abstract：The Xiaolangdi Reservoir is the core of the current Yellow River water and sediment regulation system. In order to improve the Yellow River water and sediment regulation mechanism， it is necessary to study the causes and enhancement measures for the insufficient follow-up power for water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir. Based on the practice of water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir， this paper analyzed the incoming conditions of water and sediment in the reservoir and the rule of sediment discharge in the reservoir area， and clarified the characteristics and reasons of insufficient power for water and sediment regulation. Also， it studied themeasures to enhance the follow-up power of Xiaolangdi Reservoir， including lowering the water level for erosion， effective storage capacity maintenance， coordination of downstream water-sediment relations， etc.， which required sufficient flood processes to achieve effective and rational water-sediment relation of midstream reservoirs. Combined with the current situation and the planning of the Yellow River water-sediment regulation system， the enhancement measures of follow-up power for water and sediment regulation were proposed. It believed that the current projects had major constraints in enhancing the follow-up power for water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir. The construction of the Guxian Reservoir was the first choice to solve the lack of follow-up power for water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir， to effectively supply the follow-up power of water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir.

Key words： Xiaolangdi Reservoir; density current; Guxian Reservoir; water and sediment regulation; dynamic conditions; Yellow River

（2）中游洪水泥沙發生频次减少、历时短，受现有水文预报期限制，水库降低水位排沙时机难以精确把控。2000年以来，受降雨变化、水利水保工程建设、黄土高原退耕还林还草、水资源开发利用、流域煤矿开采以及河道采砂取土等因素影响，中游洪水显著减少，自然条件下的洪水动力大幅减弱，不利于小浪底库区排沙和下游河道输沙。潼……