周福然 张翠艳 温舟 娄芳蕾 王淼 徐玉秀






摘 要:本文通过对2003—2017年发生在辽宁省锦州市的41次冰雹天气过程进行分析,得出锦州市冰雹天气分布规律,并确定锦州市冰雹天气雷达预警指标。结果表明:2003—2017年,锦州市冰雹日数呈总体减少的趋势;锦州冰雹次数的年变化较大,年平均出现2.7个冰雹日;锦州市冰雹天气总体呈现出南多北少的特征,局地性很强;冰雹天气雷达预警指标主要为回波强度大于50 dBZ、回波顶高超过11 km、垂直累积液态水含量超过35 kg/m2。
关键词:冰雹;分布特征;雷达预警指标
中图分类号:P426.64 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2021)19-0123-03
Abstract: Based on the analysis of 41 hail weather processes in Jinzhou City from 2003 to 2017, the hail weather distribution law in Jinzhou City was obtained, and the hail weather radar early warning index in Jinzhou City was determined. The results show that: from 2003 to 2017, the number of hail days in Jinzhou City showed an overall decreasing trend; The annual variation of hail frequency in Jinzhou is large, with an annual average of 2.7 hail days; The hail weather in Jinzhou City generally shows the characteristics of more in the South and less in the north, with strong locality; The early warning indexes of Hail Weather Radar mainly include echo intensity greater than 50 dBZ, echo top height more than 11 km, and vertical cumulative liquid water content more than 35 kg/m2.
Keywords: the hail;distribution characteristics;radar early warning index
冰雹是一種中小尺度系统,具有历时短、突发性强、局地性强等特点,是较为严重的自然灾害之一,会给农业生产和人民生活造成不利影响。冰雹是锦州市夏季的主要气象灾害之一,也是气象预报的难点之一,提高冰雹的短时临近预报准确率和实效性,对提高本地农业、工业生产,保护人民的生命财产安全,促进地方经济发展具有十分重要的意义。近年来,国内外气象学者应用多普勒雷达产品对产生冰雹天气的中小尺度系统特征进行了大量研究[1-9],并且取得了较大成果,形成了多种预报指标和概念模型。但是,由于冰雹的地域性很强,因此,各地预报冰雹的指标也有所不同。本文对发生在辽宁省锦州市的41次冰雹天气过程进行分析,得出冰雹天气分布规律,并结合多普勒雷达产品,归纳出冰雹天气雷达预警指标,为冰雹天气预警提供参考。……