城市河道有机物、氮、硫污染物的分布规律研究

张肖静　位登辉　陈召　张楠　张红丽

摘要：为了解城市河道的污染物分布情况，在某城市河道某一河段设置5个采样点，分别在4个季节现场测定河水的溶解氧（DO）质量浓度、pH值、温度等参数，并采集水样和泥样，分别测定上覆水、孔隙水和底泥中有机物、氮污染物、硫酸盐的分布情况.结果表明，河水的DO质量浓度和温度在不同季节波动较大，pH值则始终处于弱碱范围.该城市河道中存在有机物、氨氮、硝氮、硫酸盐等污染物，其中，有机物在底泥中的含量较低，主要存在于上覆水和孔隙水中，且随季节变化较大，有机物质量浓度范围分别为10.0～99.6 mg/L和21.2～85.2 mg/L;氨氮主要存在于孔隙水中，且在春、夏两季含量较高，在夏季氨氮质量浓度最高达173.7 mg/L，但秋、冬两季底泥中的氨氮含量增多，分别为1.34 mg/g和1.43 mg/g;硝氮主要存在于底泥中，在春、秋两季含量较高，分别为2.84 mg/g和2.27 mg/g;硫酸盐的分布与氨氮的分布呈正相关，其主要分布于孔隙水中，随季节变化的趋势与氨氮一致，且在夏季达到最高值600.3 mg/L，同时底泥中含量达到最低值0.57 mg/g.

Abstract：To understand the pollutants distribution of in the urban channel，5 sampling points were set in a certain reach of an urban channel，and parameters including DO，pH value，and temperature were measured on site in four seasons.The distribution of organic matter，nitrogen and sulfur pollutants in overlying water，pore water and sediment were measured.Results showed that the dissolved oxygen and temperature fluctuated in different seasons，while pH was always in weak alkaline.The organic matter，ammonia nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen，sulfate existed in the urban channel.Among them，the content of organic matter in the sediment was relatively small，which mainly existed in the overlying water and pore water，and varied greatly along the season.The concentration was distributed in 10.0～99.6 mg/L and 21.2～85.2 mg/L，respectively.Ammonia nitrogen mainly existed in pore water，and its content was relatively high in spring and summer，with the average value reaching to 173.7 mg/L in summer.Ammonia nitrogen content increased in the sediment to 1.34 mg/L and 1.42 mg/g，respectively in autumn and winter.Nitrate nitrogen mainly existed in the sediment，and its concentration was relative high in spring and autumn，with the average value as 2.84 mg/g and 2.27 mg/g，respectively.The distribution of sulfate was positively correlated with ammonia nitrogen，which also mainly existed in pore water.Sulfate in the pore water showed a similar variation trend with ammonia in different seasons，which reached the highest value as 600.3 mg/L in Summer，and correspondingly got the lowest value in sediment as 0.57 mg/g.

0 引言

水是人類生存的基础物质之一，随着我国工业的快速发展，水环境的恶化和水资源的短缺造成水资源形势的日趋紧张.城市河道是城市生态系统的重要组成部分，承担着提供水源、防洪排涝、调节气候、降低污染等重要任务[1-2].然而，近年来随着工业化和城市化的迅速发展，大量工业废水及生活污水未经有效处理就直接排入城市河道，导致其生态系统遭到严重破坏，水体……