复合型助剂对不同除草剂的增效作用

2021-03-12 03:29:18姚中统陶波李松宇
植物保护 2021年1期

姚中统 陶波 李松宇

摘要 :本文利用田间试验及仪器分析的方法系统研究了不同类型助剂对除草剂的增效作用。结果表明,供试的几种助剂对草甘膦都具有明显的增效作用,其增效顺序为:复合型助剂>甲酯化植物油>有机硅助剂>非离子表面活性剂>葡萄糖助剂>氮盐类助剂。复合型助剂能够明显降低草甘膦药液的表面张力及干燥时间,降低幅度可达30%以上,并且明显增加药液的扩展直径、黏度及其在叶片上的最大持留量,增加率均在40%以上。因此表明复合型助剂对草甘膦具有明显的增效作用。并且,复合型助剂对烯草酮乳油及莠去津悬浮剂具有明显的增效作用(株防效分别增加至少9.34%、10.41%),并且随着助剂添加量越高,增效越强。

关键词 :复合型助剂; 增效作用; 物理性状; 除草活性

中图分类号: S 482.4

文献标识码: B

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019044

Synergistic effect of compound adjuvant on different herbicides

YAO Zhongtong, TAO Bo*, LI Songyu

(College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

Abstract :Synergistic effect of different types of adjuvants on herbicides was systematically investigated by field experiment and instrumental analysis. The results showed that different adjuvants had obvious synergistic effects on glyphosate, and the order of synergistic effect was: compound adjuvant>methylated vegetable oil>organosilicone adjuvant>nonionic surfactant>glucose adjuvant>nitrogen salts adjuvant. Compound adjuvant could significantly reduce the surface tension and drying time of glyphosate with the reduction rate of more than 30%, and significantly increase the spreading diameter, viscosity and maximum retention of the herbicide on the leaves with an increase rate of more than 40%. Therefore, the results showed that the compound adjuvant had a significant synergistic effect on glyphosate. In addition, the compound adjuvant had synergistic effect on clethodim EC and atrazine SC, and the plant control efficacy was increased by at least 9.34% and 10.41%, respectively.The higher the adjuvant amount, the more obvious the synergistic effect.

Key words :compound adjuvant; synergism; physical property; herbicidal activity

化學农药目前仍是防治农业有害生物的主要途径。截至2018年,全球除草剂、杀虫剂、杀菌剂的市场份额分别为42.7%、28.4%、25.3%[13]。我国目前的农药使用量中除草剂占比亦为最高,为30%[45]。而助剂在提高除草剂药效、降低施药量、提高稳定性及安全性等方面都具有一定的效果[68],因此近年来助剂的研发与应用受到越来越多的关注[9]。目前常用的除草剂助剂主要包括油类助剂(植物油乳剂、矿物油乳剂、人工合成酯类等)、无机盐类助剂(铵盐类、钾盐类等)、表面活性剂(离子型、非离子型、阳离子型)、有机硅助剂以及糖类助剂等[1011]。

助剂可以通过改善除草剂药液的物理性状来提高其除草活性[12]。一般来说,助剂可以改……

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