北京市朝阳区某社区老年人睡眠状况调查研究

白勇涛 刘雅宁 许国耀

摘要：目的  了解北京市朝阳区某社区老年人睡眠状况的流行病学特点及相关因素，为进行社区干预提供依据。方法  自行设计问卷对北京市朝阳区太阳宫社区卫生服务中心辖区内做免费体检的60岁以上老年人进行睡眠情况的问卷调查。数据使用SPSS13.0统计软件进行分析。计量资料用（）表示，采用t检验;计数资料则采用χ2检验;以P﹤0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果  1059名老年人中，有睡眠者不足者453例（42.78%），其中男性和女性分别为148例（32.67%）和305例（67.33%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。老年人睡眠时间在不同年龄组和不同文化程度中差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而在自我健康评价和是否患有慢性病中差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论  该社区老年人睡眠不足患病率较高，应采取不同措施对社区老年人睡眠不足进行干预。

关键词：老年人;睡眠状况;现况调查

分类号：B844.2

Abstract：Objective    To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related factors of sleep status of the aged community residents in Chaoyang district of Beijing， providing reference for intervention in the community. Methods      The community residents who were over 60 years old were surveyed by our self-designed questionnaires when they received free physical examination. The data was analyzed by SPSS13.0 statistical software. Measurement data was expressed by  and used t test， while count data used χ2 test; With P﹤0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results      ①There were 453 cases of the less sleep and the prevalence rate was 42.78% in the 1059 aged community residents， including the 148 male cases and 305 female cases， and the prevalence rate were 32.67% and 67.33% respectively， and the difference between the gender was prevalence rate of insufficient sleep. ②The difference was not statistically significant （P>0.05） in different age and culture degree， while was statistically significant （P<0.01） in the self health evaluation and whether suffering chronic diseases of the sleeping time of the aged residents. Conclusion      There is a high prevalence rate of insufficient sleep of the aged community residents ， different measures should be taken to intervene.

Key words：The aged; Sleep status; Current investigation.

随着老龄化问题日益突出，老年人的健康问题倍受关注。睡眠不足问题是老年人中常发生的问题，严重影响老年人的生活质量和健康状况。为了解北京市朝阳区太阳宫社区卫生服务中心辖区内老年人睡眠情况，调查了60岁及以上老年人睡眠状况，为进行社区积极干预提供参考依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 调查对象  对2011年12月-2012年4月来北京市朝阳区太阳宫社区卫生服务中心免费体检的辖区免费体检的60岁以上常住老年人进行问卷调查，共发放1074份问卷，收回有效问卷1059份，有效回收率为98.60%。

1.2 调查方法  采用在参考文献的基础上自行设计调查问卷[1]，调查内容包括：①一般情况：姓名、性别、出生日期、婚姻状况、文化程度、工作情况、生活居住情况。……